T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program - FEIS Chapters - PVD

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T.F. Green Airport Improvement ProgramEnvironmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) EvaluationMassachusetts. A regional pollutant, like O 3, encompasses extensive geographic areas (i.e., counties and states)unlike CO that only covers small areas (i.e., intersections and roadsides). This non-attainment area is within theNortheast U.S. Ozone Transport Region, where local O 3levels are influenced by emissions that are releasedelsewhere and transported regionally. As the Rhode Island portion of this regional O 3non-attainment area isdelineated by the state borders, the Study Area for this air quality assessment encompasses the entire state.While the Project Area for the air quality assessment has the same outer boundary as the Project Area for allother categories, the analysis further evaluates the areas where airport-related emissions have the potential tocause a measurable impact on air quality conditions. The boundaries of this area vary by source (i.e., aircraft,GSE, etc.) and type of pollutant (CO, NO x, PM 10/2.5). For example, GSE emissions of PM 10/2.5are mainly restrictedto the Airport main terminal aprons and cargo facilities. On-site motor vehicles emissions of CO are mostlyconfined to the on-site roadways, terminal curbsides and parking facilities. By comparison, aircraft emissionsduring the approach and climb-out modes of a landing-takeoff cycle (LTO) extend up to the atmospheric mixingheight. For this assessment, the atmospheric mixing height is assumed to be at an altitude of 2,226 feet and,based upon the type of aircraft that utilize the Airport this altitude is reached roughly 1.5 miles off the runwayends. Airport-related motor vehicle traffic traveling to and from T.F. Green Airport also has the potential toaffect air quality in the vicinity of off-site intersections located near the Airport.4.6.2 Affected EnvironmentThe following section provides a summary of the air quality assessment, which includes: an emissions inventoryof EPA criteria pollutants (or their precursors) for the Baseline Condition as well as airport-related HAPs; anatmospheric dispersion modeling of CO, NO 2, and PM 10/2.5and a CO “Hot-Spot” analyses to predict ambientconcentrations of pollutants on the Airport and in the neighboring community. A summary of the available airmonitoring data collected from monitoring stations closest to the Airport is also presented.4.6.2.1 Emissions InventoryThe results of the emissions inventory for the pollutants CO, VOC, NO x, SO xand PM 10/2.5are shown in Table 4-21 andare expressed in tpy for each pollutant type and emission source. The results can be easily compared to future-yearconditions as well as area-wide emissions data contained in Rhode Island’s State Implementation Plan (SIP). 195 Asshown in Table 4-21, in 2004, airport-related CO emissions were estimated to be produced in the greatestquantities followed by NO , VOC, SO and PM 10/2.5. For VOC and NO , aircraft were the dominant on-site sourcex x, xof these pollutants with GSE/APU being secondary sources. Lead (Pb) is both a criteria pollutant and a HAP, asreported in the DEIS Air Quality Technical Report.195 SIPs are the regulations and other materials for meeting clean air standards and associated Clean Air Act requirements (U.S. EPA,www.epa.gov/reg5oair/sips/, Accessed May 12, 2011.Chapter 4 – Affected Environment 4-36 July 2011\\mawatr\ev\09228.00\reports\FEIS_Final_July_2011\PVD_CH04_Affected_Env_JUL_2011.doc
T.F. Green Airport Improvement ProgramEnvironmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) EvaluationTable 4-212004 Baseline Condition Air Emissions Inventory (tons per year)PollutantSource CO VOC NOx SOx PM10 PM2.5Aircraft 1 411 52 237 23 6 6GSE/APU 2 475 19 36 4 1 1Stationary 3 /Fueling 4 3 2 14 1 1 1Motor VehiclesOn-Airport 5 281 18 29 1 1 1Off-Airport 6 2,055 101 141 3 3 2Totals 3,225 193 458 32 12 10Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc. 2008.CO Carbon monoxide. GSE/APU Ground support equipment / auxiliary power units.NOx Nitrogen oxides. SOx Sulfur oxides.PM10/2.5 Particulate matter (10 and 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameters).VOC Volatile Organic Compounds.1 Aircraft emissions comprise the entire landing and take-off (LTO) cycle (i.e., approach, landing, taxi-in, taxi-out, take-off, and climb out) to the atmosphericmixing height.2 GSE and APU emissions are combined.3 Stationary sources include boilers, emergency generators, and de-icing chemical use.4 Fueling sources include jet, avgas, gasoline, and diesel storage facilities.5 On-Airport motor vehicles include airport patron, employee, and cargo truck traffic operating in on-site parking facilities, along terminal curbsides and theinternal roadways.6 Off-Airport motor vehicles include both Airport- and non-Airport traffic (including cargo trucks) operating on the adjoining roadway network.Hazardous Air PollutantsAs previously discussed, HAPs are a category of air emissions distinct from the EPA criteria air pollutants and forwhich there are no NAAQS. The results of the HAPs baseline emissions inventory for 2004 are shown in Table 4-22and are expressed in units of tpy for each pollutant.Table 4-222004 Baseline Condition Hazardous Air Pollutants Emissions InventoryEmissionsEmissionsHAP Species (tpy) HAP Species (tpy)1,3-Butadiene 1.9 Lead 0.6Acetaldehyde 0.8 Naphthalene 0.2Acrolein 0.2 Propionaldehyde 0.8Benzene 5.5 Styrene 0.4Diesel PM 2.0 Toluene 12.1Ethylbenzene 2.0 Xylene 7.5Formaldehyde 6.7 PAHs 1 0.1Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc. 2008.Notes: HAPs = Hazardous air pollutants, tpy = Tons per year.1 PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) include Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, Fluorene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Anthracene, Acenphthene,Benzo(ghi)perylene, Benzo(bk)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Chrysene, Indeno(123-cd)pyrene, and Dibenzo(ah)anthracene.Chapter 4 – Affected Environment 4-37 July 2011\\mawatr\ev\09228.00\reports\FEIS_Final_July_2011\PVD_CH04_Affected_Env_JUL_2011.doc
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