T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program - FEIS Chapters - PVD

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T.F. Green Airport Improvement ProgramEnvironmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) Evaluationfield-inspected to collect descriptive data used to classify and evaluate the wetland. The evaluation of wetlandfunctions and values follows the "Descriptive Approach” provided in the USACE Highway MethodologyWorkbook Supplement. 216 The Highway Methodology Workbook Supplement recognizes thirteen wetland functionsand values. These eight functions and five values can be grouped into the following four general categories:• Biological Functions;• Hydrological Functions;• Water Quality Functions; and• Societal Values.The degree to which a wetland provides each of these functions or values is determined by one or more of thefollowing factors: landscape position, substrate, hydrology, vegetation, history of disturbance, and size. Eachwetland may provide one or more of the listed functions or values at a significant level. Criteria used toevaluate the level at which a wetland provided each specific wetland function and value is found in the HighwayMethodology Workbook Supplement.The factors determining the level of function provided by a wetland can often be broken into two categories: theeffectiveness and the opportunity. The effectiveness of a wetland to provide a specified function is generallydependent on factors within the wetland, whereas the opportunity to provide a function is often influenced bythe wetland’s position in the landscape and adjacent land uses. A principal function or value is an importantphysical component of a wetland ecosystem, and/or considered of special value or significance to society, froma local, regional, and/or national perspective.The RIDEM Rules 217 Rule 10.02 recognizes that freshwater wetlands support wildlife and provide wildlifehabitat; support public recreation and aesthetic values; provide flood protection; protect surface water andgroundwater supplies; and protect water quality. These functions, and the criteria used to evaluate the level ofeach function a wetland provides, are similar to those described by the “Descriptive Approach”.4.9.2 Affected EnvironmentThe hydrologic setting influences some of the functions and values provided by wetlands. The Study Areaoccupies part of a broad outwash deposit known as the Warwick Plains Delta (Delta). The Delta is composedmostly of well-sorted sands and gravels deposited by melt waters during the last retreat of the North Americancontinental glacier from Rhode Island. During this deglaciation, Narragansett Bay and adjacent parts of RhodeIsland, including the Airport, were submerged beneath a freshwater lake, Glacial Lake Narragansett. The Deltawas formed as a submerged feature within this lake and was exposed after the deposits impounding the lakebreached, causing it to drain. Subsequent sea level rise again submerged the portion of the Delta south of theAirport site, forming Greenwich Bay.The Airport passenger terminal and runways were built on a high part of the Delta that forms a drainage divide.Drainage flows east and south of the Airport to the Providence River (Narragansett Bay) and Greenwich Bay.Drainage from much of the Study Area north and west of the Airport flows to the Pawtuxet River, which discharges216 Highway Methodology Workbook Supplement. NAEEP-360-1-30a. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New England District. September 1999.217 Regulations Governing the Administration and Enforcement of the Freshwater Wetlands Act (RIDEM, 2010)Chapter 4 – Affected Environment 4-52 July 2011\\mawatr\ev\09228.00\reports\FEIS_Final_July_2011\PVD_CH04_Affected_Env_JUL_2011.doc
T.F. Green Airport Improvement ProgramEnvironmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) Evaluationto the Providence River north of the Airport. Wetlands are present in eastern and northern parts of the Airport in theProject Area, and throughout the Study Area. These wetlands are situated in the large outwash delta, and thefreshwater wetlands are often supported by groundwater discharge. Project Area streams include Buckeye Brook,Spring Green Pond Brook, Tuscatucket Brook, Callahan Brook, and many smaller unnamed streams.4.9.2.1 Study Area WetlandsMany of the wetlands in the Study Area (Figure 4-22) are in urbanized watersheds. The wetland systemsassociated with Buckeye Brook, Warwick Pond, Callahan Brook, Tuscatucket Brook, the Three Ponds wetlandsystem, and others provide valuable water quality functions. These wetlands act to remove nutrients, toxicants,and sediments from stormwater. Table 4-27 summarizes the functions and values of these Study Area wetlands.Table 4-27Summary of Study Area Baseline Condition Wetland Functions and ValuesWetlandBaseline Condition Wetland Functions and Values (USACE, RIDEM)WetlandSystemArea(ac)GW R/D SWGFFA FPS/T/P R WQNR/R/T WQ PE S&S S F&SHWLH WWHT&ESH REC ED/SVU/H AESVQ/A AESA7 87.2 P P X X P X P P X XA9 0.6 X PA12 3.5 PA15 20.4 P P X P X X XB1 6.0 X X P PB2 11.2 P X XC 27.6 X X X X P XD 1.2 X XE 5.4 XG1 14.1 X X X X X X XG2 10.5 X X X X X X XG3 6.7 X X X X PG4 12.2 X P X X X XG5 11.3 X X P X X XH 10.6 X P X X XJ 12.6 X X X P XL1 1.5 XL2 22.8 X X X X XM 6.1 X X XN 17.1 X X X P XO 54 P P X X P X P P P X XNote: Refer to Figure 4-22.PXGWR/DFFAS/T/P RNR/R/TPES&S SF&S HWLHPrincipal Wetland Function or Value.Wetland Function or Value likely provided by wetland.Groundwater Recharge/Discharge.Flood Flow Alteration.Sediment/Toxicant/Pathogen Retention.Nutrient Removal/Retention/Transformation.Production Export.Sediment and Shoreline Stabilization.Fish and Shellfish Habitat.Wildlife Habitat.T&E SHRECED/SVU/HVQ/ASWGFPWWHWQAESacThreatened and Endangered Species Habitat.Recreation and Aesthetic.Educational/Scientific Value.Uniqueness/Heritage.Visual Quality/Aesthetics.Surface Water and Groundwater.Flood Protection.Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat.Water Quality.Aesthetic Value.Acre.Chapter 4 – Affected Environment 4-53 July 2011\\mawatr\ev\09228.00\reports\FEIS_Final_July_2011\PVD_CH04_Affected_Env_JUL_2011.doc
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