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the sounds of Varese were 'mashed up' in popular parlance by a DJ working the crowd in thefoyer of the Sage Theatre in Gateshead. What this points to is the 21st Century phenomenon of'fusion'.Restaurateurs also experiment with so-called 'fusion' cooking where culinary insights fromaround the world are 'played' with experimentally in kitchens to produce ever more interestingand challenging tastes and menus. Each food 'artist' produces their own 'signature' dish and stylecreating individual eating experiences. Of course old techniques, ways of doing things, ancientculinary knowledge and recipes are added 'to the mix' but new technologies, new flavours, newtastes render them forever adjusted and enhanced. There are, for instance, things one can dowith a microwave that could never have been achieved over an open fire.The insertion of this additional section in the study is to explain that the next piece of writingabout technology is very much a 'fusion' or 'mash up' of some old ideas with new technology.As such, the methodology is different from that used to review the underpinning literature foundin sections 2.1. and 2.2. In section 2.3, therefore, I look at how technology has shaped learningand where some old ideas like constructivism have been re-invigorated within this context.Rather than a theological canter through the history of technology, the piece is designed to beread as an interweaving of reflections around specific historical moments in the evolution ofcomputer-assisted learning. Chapters 4 and 5 contain writing which I would argue nowinterweaves reflections on historical moments in my career as it developed alongside theevolution of computer-assisted learning.Section 2.3 acts therefore as a bridge between writing 'old style' and a literary mode more inkeeping with the theme of the thesis. Symbolically, it marks the end of old ways of knowing -87Simon Hughes Ph.D. Thesis (October 2012)