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2.3 Relevant Literature about (Information) Technology2.3.1: Historical accounts of the emergence of technologyIn order to provide some coherence to the section I have tried to organise my writing around agradually-narrowing focus. I start with the big picture which amounts to a chronology of thehistory of information technology. I focus in on the impact this has had on pedagogy/andragogyand then focus in on how learning technologies have influenced freedom or liberatingmovements, since as was seen in section 2.2, liberation is one of the goals of education.There are a number of texts that have been heavily influential on the development of myknowledge base, written in such a way as to make the subject interesting and intriguing,surprising given the potential dryness of the content. Of particular note in this category are thebiographic Alan Turing: The Enigma (Hodges, 1992), the docu-novel iPod, Therefore I am(Jones, 2006), the journalistic, The World is Flat (Friedman, 2006) and the historical, TheFacebook Effect (Kirkpatrick, 2010). In addition the works of Standage (2000), The VictorianInternet, Naughton (2004) A Brief History of the Future and Galambos and Abrahamson's(2002) Anytime, Anywhere: Entrepreneurship and the Creation of a Wireless World have alsocontributed to the nulti-disciplinary nature of the study, bringing to my understandingcontributions from history, economics, politics or business environments. In order to keep thissection focused, I have concentrated remarks specifically on learning technologies and theirevolution.Most influential on the development of my thinking - and indeed an underpinning text for someof my own published work (e.g., Hughes, 2003) - was the fascinating book, Complexity: TheEmerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos (Waldrop, 1993). This book might also bedescribed as a docu-novel since it charts in narrative form the rationale for, development,89Simon Hughes Ph.D. Thesis (October 2012)