Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
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<strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Assessment</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sanitation</strong> <strong>Interventions</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Vietnam</strong> | Costs <strong>of</strong> Improved <strong>Sanitation</strong> and HygieneFIGURE 40: PROPORTION OF OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SELECTING DIFFERENT SANITATION OPTIONS (%)Hue (R9)Thanh Hoa (R8)Lai Xa (R7)Quang Nam (R5)Dan Phuong (R4)Quang Ngai (R3)V<strong>in</strong>h Long (R2)Dong Nai (R1)0 20 40 60 80 100PercentageOpen defecationNot isolated wet pit latr<strong>in</strong>ePartial isolation septic tankPartial isolation DVCL + untreated greywaterPartial isolation w/w managementPartial isolation biogas digester806.2 COST SUMMARIESTable 47 presents the costs <strong>of</strong> all sanitation options consideredat the surveyed sites – urban and rural. It shows the averagecost <strong>of</strong> all 12 sites, where the sanitation improvement<strong>in</strong>terventions were: household toilet improvement; sewerageand dra<strong>in</strong>age improvement; community centralizedwastewater treatment; and hygiene activities. The costs <strong>of</strong>the biogas project at a big pig farm <strong>in</strong> Thanh Hoa were not<strong>in</strong>cluded. Solid waste improvement projects are describedseparately <strong>in</strong> Chapter 8.4.In rural areas, the highest <strong>in</strong>vestment costs are associatedwith biogas digester construction, and with communitywastewater collection and treatment systems. In urban areas,the costs for centralized wastewater treatment systemswere highest. The values <strong>of</strong> one-<strong>of</strong>f spend<strong>in</strong>g urban centralizedwastewater systems were VND14,924,000 per household.In rural areas, these values were VND10,836,000per household for biogas digester construction andVND8,972,000 per household for cluster wastewater management.Average <strong>in</strong>vestment costs for a septic tank wereVND4,985,000 and VND5,037,000 per household <strong>in</strong>urban and rural areas, respectively. The <strong>in</strong>vestment cost <strong>of</strong>septic tanks <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>in</strong>cludes expenses for sanitary ware andsuperstructure upgrad<strong>in</strong>g. The <strong>in</strong>vestment cost <strong>of</strong> ruralcompost<strong>in</strong>g double-vault toilets was VND3,053,000 perhousehold, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g superstructure, which is <strong>of</strong>ten madefrom local materials. The lowest <strong>in</strong>vestment costs were associatedwith pit latr<strong>in</strong>es. The average urban pit latr<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>vestmentcost per household was VND1,613,000. The value <strong>of</strong>a rural pit latr<strong>in</strong>e was VND1,746,000 per household.Urban wastewater management systems (VND1,174,000per household) <strong>in</strong>cur the highest annual recurrent costs,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g program costs. In all cases, the cost <strong>of</strong> program<strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Assessment</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sanitation</strong> <strong>Interventions</strong>
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