Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP

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Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam | Local Benefits of Improved Sanitation and HygieneTABLE 36: REASON FOR CURRENT SANITATION COVERAGE – TOP RANKED RESPONSESRegionRural NorthHousehold interviewWhy families do nothave a toilet1. Cost is too high2. Never been offeredtoilet facilities3. No space in ornear house4. Not enough waterfor flushingWhy families have a toiletFocus Group DiscussionsWhy families do not have a toiletMen Women Men Women1. Freedom, use thetoilet any time ifneeded2. Sensitive activity3. There exists noonewithout toiletsnow4. Cleanliness5. Comfort1. Cleanliness2. Comfort3. Independence4. Visitors have toiletto use5. Children will not beshy when going tothe toilet1. Lack of money2. Can share toiletwith brothers andsisters3. Do not care much1. Lack of money2. Old lady, no needto build new latrine3. Use toilet offamily’s memberliving next doorUrban North(no householdswithout toilet)1. Tendency of society now to have toilets2. ComfortRural Central1. Cost is too high2. Not enough waterfor flushing1. Freedom2. Comfort3. Higher livingstandard1. Cleanliness2. Comfort3. Independence4. Shy of practicingOD or usinganother family’stoilet1. Lack of money2. Do not care much1. Lack of money2. Have never had atoilet3. Use toilet ofanother familyUrban Central(no householdswithout toilet)1. Everybody has atoilet now2. Comfort3. No place for OD1. Cleanliness2. Comfort3. Everyone hastoilets(no householdswithout toilet)(no householdswithout toilet)Rural South1. Cost is too high2. Never been offeredtoilet facilities1. Comfort2. Better life3. Public toilets areoften not protectedby people1. Comfort2. Cleanliness3. See the benefits ofneighbors’ toilets4. Safe, especially atnight1. Lack of money2. A habit1. Lack of money2. Never been offereda toiletUrban South1. Cost is too high2. Never been offeredtoilet facilities1. Nobody aroundwithout toilets2. Cleanliness3. Comfort1. Cleanliness2. Everybody has atoilet now1. Use shared toiletwith parents1. Lack of money2. Nobody in thefamily cares abouttoiletThe responses from Tam Ky, Quang Nam (U2) are analyzedbecause it is the only urban site at which 100% of householdswith toilets have improved toilets. The order of criteriagetting the highest scores is a little different comparedwith the rural sites.In the South of Vietnam, there is a big difference in satisfactionbetween households with improved and unimprovedtoilets. While households with improved toilets inboth rural and urban areas give a score of a least 4 for 15 ofthe 16 criteria, households with unimproved toilets give amaximum score of 3 for up to half of the criteria, and especiallylow scores for “privacy”, “proximity”, “status”, and“visitors”.Figure 23 shows the reasons for getting a toilet with correspondingscores for different characteristics of toilets. Inrural areas, “cleanliness and freedom” score highest, andother criteria score highly at 4 or over. It can be concludedthat rural households have quite similar reasons for gettinga toilet. They may not know the exact benefits of havinga toilet because they have never had one, so the scoresthey give could be seen as their expectation of the potentialbenefits.54Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam | Local Benefits of Improved Sanitation and HygieneFIGURE 22: LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED TOILETS (1 = NOT SATISFIED;5 = VERY SATISFIED)URBAN NORTHRURAL NORTHToilet positionCleanlinessPrivacyProximityStatusVisitorsWork/maintenancePollutionURBAN CENTRALRURAL CENTRALToilet positionCleanlinessPrivacyProximityStatusVisitorsWork/maintenancePollutionURBAN SOUTHRURAL SOUTHToilet positionCleanlinessPrivacyProximityStatusVisitorsWork/maintenancePollutionImprovedUnimproved0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5www.wsp.org55
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Economic Assessment ofSanitation In
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Economic Assessment of Sanitation I
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ForewordTarget 10 of the Millennium
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Glossary of TermsBenefit-cost ratio
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AcknowledgmentsThe Economics of San
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V. National Benefits of Improved Sa
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Table 32. Sanitation coverage, and
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Figure 34. What factors were of mos
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Annex Table E1. Level of satisfacti
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Annex Table J1. Site U1 (Dong Thap,
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PopulationSelected Development Indi
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ReferencesAcharya A, Paunio MK and
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ANNEX 1: PROGRAM APPROACH ANALYSIST
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ANNEX TABLESANNEX A. STUDY METHODST
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Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP

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