Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP

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Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam | MethodsTABLE 5: BENEFITS OF IMPROVED SANITATION INCLUDED IN THIS STUDYSocio-economic impacts evaluated inLevel ImpactMonetary terms ($ values)Non-monetary terms (non-$)LocalbenefitsHealth --Healthcare costs--Health-related productivity--Premature death--Disease and mortality rates--Quality of life impacts--Gender impactsDomesticwater--Water sourcing--Household treatment--Link poor sanitation, water quality & practices--Use for income generating activitiesOther welfare --Time use --Convenience, comfort, privacy, status, security, genderEnvironmentalquality--Land use changes--Aesthetics of household and community environmentOutput reuse --Fertilizer or biogas generated --Preferences for handling human excretaNationalbenefitsTourism --Sanitation-tourism link: potential impact of poorsanitation on tourist numbersBusiness --Sanitation- business link: potential impact of poorsanitation on local business and FDISanitation --Potential national value of sanitation servicesmarkets --Potential national value of reuse of human excreta14The next sections describe the study methods for the threemajor study components: the field level cost-benefit assessment(3.3), the assessment of program effectiveness (3.4)and national level impacts (3.5). Section 3.6 summarizesthe main cost-benefit presentations and section 3.7 describesprocess aspects of the research such as study steeringand collaboration.3.3 FIELD STUDIES3.3.1 FIELD SITE SELECTIONAccording to good economic evaluation practice, interventionsevaluated should reflect the options faced by households,communities and policy makers. Therefore, selectedlocations should contain a range of sanitation options thatare typically available in Vietnam, covering both urban andrural sites. By sampling a range of representative locations,the study results can be generalized outside the study settings,and hence be more useful for national and local levelplanning purposes.The principal criterion for site selection applied in thisstudy is that there has been a sanitation project or programimplemented in the past five years, and at a scale that allowsminimum sample sizes of 30 households to be collected persanitation option per site.A number of sites have to be identified for inclusion in thestudy. The principal aim was that ESI should evaluate arange of sanitation options in different ‘typical’ contexts,so that all the feasible sanitation options and principalsetting types are reflected. The team has conducted evaluationof context-specific costs and benefits of a range ofsanitation options addressing the targeted issues, whichnot only include technical options, but also management/institutional/partnership options and financial options ininvestment and O&M. The selected sites should reflectthe major categories of uncovered or inadequately coveredpopulations, as well as the socio-economic activities targetedin this study.The research team first listed all the potential sanitation programsfor inclusion, and from this complete list developed along list by applying a set of initial criteria to exclude thoseprojects that are not amenable or relevant for evaluation inthe program approach analysis (PAA). The programs wereassessed according to three initial criteria:• Project/program completion.• Sufficiency of information.• Relevance of program or technology.Based on the long list, the characteristics of the sanitationprograms were described in more detail to further assesstheir relevance and representational value for the study,leading to selection of the short-listed field survey sites:Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam | MethodsFIGURE 7: LOCATIONS OF THE VIETNAM STUDY SURVEYED SITESwww.wsp.org15
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Page 17: ForewordTarget 10 of the Millennium
Page 22 and 23: Glossary of TermsBenefit-cost ratio
Page 24 and 25: AcknowledgmentsThe Economics of San
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VI.Costs of Improved Sanitationand
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ReferencesAcharya A, Paunio MK and
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ANNEX 1: PROGRAM APPROACH ANALYSIST
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ANNEX TABLESANNEX A. STUDY METHODST
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