Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
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Figure 34. What factors were <strong>of</strong> most concern? (three responses per respondent) .......................... 69Figure 35. Causes <strong>of</strong> tourists’ catch<strong>in</strong>g diarrhea, perceived by respondent ...................................... 69Figure 36. Tourists’ <strong>in</strong>tention to return to <strong>Vietnam</strong> ............................................................................ 69Figure 37. Reasons for tourists’ hesitancy to return to <strong>Vietnam</strong> ....................................................... 69Figure 38. Importance <strong>of</strong> environmental sanitation conditions for locat<strong>in</strong>g the company................... 71Figure 39. Proportion <strong>of</strong> urban households select<strong>in</strong>g different sanitation options (%)........................ 79Figure 40. Proportion <strong>of</strong> rural households select<strong>in</strong>g different sanitation options (%)........................... 80Figure 41. Total cost per urban household for major items (VND) ..................................................... 81Figure 42. Total cost per rural household for major items (VND) ....................................................... 82Figure 43. Proportion <strong>of</strong> total (economic) costs that are f<strong>in</strong>ancial, across all urban field sites (%) ...... 83Figure 44. Proportion <strong>of</strong> total (economic) costs that are f<strong>in</strong>ancial, across all rural field sites (%)......... 83Figure 45. Proportion <strong>of</strong> urban sanitation costs f<strong>in</strong>anced from different sources (%).......................... 84Figure 46. Proportion <strong>of</strong> rural sanitation costs f<strong>in</strong>anced from different sources (%)............................ 84Figure 47. Proportion <strong>of</strong> rural households select<strong>in</strong>g different sanitation options, by asset qu<strong>in</strong>tile...... 85Figure 48. Incremental costs <strong>of</strong> mov<strong>in</strong>g up the sanitation ladder, at urban sites (perhousehold, VND, 2009) .................................................................................................. 87Figure 49. Incremental costs <strong>of</strong> mov<strong>in</strong>g up the sanitation ladder, at rural sites (VND, 2009) ............. 87Figure 50. Summary <strong>of</strong> average benefit-cost ratios <strong>in</strong> urban sites, sanitation versus sanitationwith hygiene ................................................................................................................... 94Figure 51. Summary <strong>of</strong> average cost-benefit ratios at rural sites, sanitation versus sanitationwith hygiene ................................................................................................................... 96Figure 52. <strong>Economic</strong> performance mov<strong>in</strong>g up the sanitation ladder (urban) .................................... 97Figure 53. <strong>Economic</strong> performance mov<strong>in</strong>g up the sanitation ladder (rural) ....................................... 98Figure 54. Benefit-cost ratios for all survey sites <strong>in</strong> urban and rural areas ........................................ 100Figure 55. Benefit-cost ratios for solid waste management improvement projects .......................... 101Figure 56. Change <strong>in</strong> sanitation practices <strong>in</strong> project beneficiary towns............................................. 115Figure 57. Reduction <strong>of</strong> waterborne disease frequency <strong>in</strong> Lai Xa between 2001 and 2006.............. 123www.wsp.orgxxix