Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP
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V. National Benefits <strong>of</strong> Improved <strong>Sanitation</strong> and Hygiene ................................................................ 665.1 Tourism ...................................................................................................................................... 665.2 Bus<strong>in</strong>ess and FDI ....................................................................................................................... 705.3 <strong>Sanitation</strong> Market ....................................................................................................................... 735.4 National Water Resources .......................................................................................................... 76VI. Costs <strong>of</strong> Improved <strong>Sanitation</strong> and Hygiene ................................................................................... 796.1 <strong>Sanitation</strong> Options Per ESI Field Site ........................................................................................... 796.2 Cost Summaries ......................................................................................................................... 806.3 F<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Sanitation</strong> and Hygiene ............................................................................................... 836.4 <strong>Sanitation</strong> Options by Asset Qu<strong>in</strong>tile ........................................................................................... 856.5 Costs <strong>of</strong> Mov<strong>in</strong>g Up the <strong>Sanitation</strong> Ladder .................................................................................. 86VII. <strong>Sanitation</strong> Program Design and Scal<strong>in</strong>g Up .................................................................................. 887.1 Overview <strong>of</strong> Programs at Field Sites ............................................................................................ 887.2 Key F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> the Program Approach Analysis ......................................................................... 89VIII. Efficiency <strong>of</strong> Improved <strong>Sanitation</strong> and Hygiene ............................................................................. 938.1 Efficiency <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sanitation</strong> and Hygiene Improvements Compared with Adopt<strong>in</strong>g No Option ........... 938.2 Efficiency <strong>of</strong> Alternative Ways to Move Up the <strong>Sanitation</strong> and Hygiene Ladder ............................ 968.3 Scal<strong>in</strong>g Up Results For National Policy Mak<strong>in</strong>g ........................................................................... 998.4 Efficiency <strong>of</strong> Solid Waste Management ....................................................................................... 99IX. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 1029.1 Study Messages and Interpretation ........................................................................................... 1029.2 Utilization <strong>of</strong> Results <strong>in</strong> Decision Mak<strong>in</strong>g .................................................................................... 105X. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 108References ............................................................................................................................................ 111Annex 1: Program Approach Analysis ................................................................................................. 113Annex Tables.......................................................................................................................................... 128Annex A: Study Methods ...................................................................................................................... 128Annex B: Health Impact ........................................................................................................................ 140Annex C: Water Quality Impact............................................................................................................. 143Annex D: Acces Time ............................................................................................................................ 165Annex E: Intangible User Preferences ................................................................................................. 173Annex F: Tourism Impact ...................................................................................................................... 181Annex G: Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Impact ................................................................................................................... 185Annex H: Intervention Costs.................................................................................................................. 186Annex I: Program Approach Analysis .................................................................................................. 203Annex J: CBA and CEA Results ........................................................................................................... 205www.wsp.orgxxv
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