Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP

Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam | Local Benefits of Improved Sanitation and HygieneAccess to piped water is still very low in the surveyed ruralareas, at less than 20% of households. In urban areas, pipedwater is the main household water source for around 75%of households. Where there is no piped water, people try touse protected water sources. Some 8% to 14% of the ruralpopulation and 6% to 7% of the urban population still useunprotected water sources in the surveyed areas. These valuesdo not change over the seasons, since few people havealternative water sources.TABLE 29: WATER ACCESS, TREATMENT PRACTICES, AND RELATED COSTS (VND ‘000, 2009)Rural/UrbanSeason andwater sourcePiped water (treated)% accessAveragemonthly costNon-piped protected source(including untreated piped)% accessAveragemonthly costNon-piped unprotectedsource% accessAveragemonthly costDry seasonMajor source 78.3 22 14.5 18 7.2 11UrbanMinor source 35.6 27 58 18 6.4 10Rainy seasonMajor source 75.4 20 18 26 6.6 12Minor source 31.7 20 62.3 22 6 11Dry seasonMajor source 17.3 31 68.5 20 14.2 20RuralMinor source 5.8 18 85.4 22 8.8 10Rainy seasonMajor source 14.9 27 71.8 21 13.3 21Minor source 4.8 18 87 22 8.2 59FIGURE 17: AVERAGE WATER ACCESS (%) IN ALL SURVEYED SITESUrbanDry seasonRainy seasonMajor water sourceMinor water sourceMajor water sourceMinor water sourceRuralDry seasonRainy seasonMajor water sourceMinor water sourceMajor water sourceMinor water sourcePiped waterNon-piped protected sourceNon-piped unprotected0 20 40 60 80 100percentagewww.wsp.org47