Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam - WSP

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Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam | Local Benefits of Improved Sanitation and HygieneFIGURE 23: REASONS TO GET A TOILET FOR THOSE CURRENTLY WITHOUT ONE (1 = NOT IMPORTANT; 5 = VERY IMPORTANT)RURAL AREAS - North, Central and South ComparisonToilet positionCleanliness and freedomPrivacyProximityStatusVisitorsWork/maintenancePollutionToilet positionRural NorthSOUTHERN VIETNAM - Rural and Urban ComparisonRural CentralRural SouthCleanliness and freedomPrivacyProximityStatusVisitorsWork/maintenancePollution0 1 2 3 4 5Rural SouthUrban South56There is almost no difference between the responses given byrural and urban in Southern Vietnam, except for the criterion“visitors”, which people in urban areas scored lower than peoplein rural areas. The FGD showed that urban households seetoilets as a ‘must’ rather than a source of pride. Another notablepoint at all sites is that people are aware of decreasing theimpact of pollution on the surrounding area and neighbors.The concerns of those practicing open defecation in ruralareas of Central Vietnam are quite diverse. Many respondentsin urban areas indicated being concerned with beingattacked (and/or bothered) by animals during open defecation,and worried especially for the safety of their children.They already know of people being attacked by animals (seeFigure 24).Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions
Economic Assessment of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam | Local Benefits of Improved Sanitation and HygieneFIGURE 24: CONCERNS OF THOSE PRACTICING OPEN DEFECATION (% OF RESPONDENTS)RURAL CENTRALFeel in dangerSafety of childrenSomeone attacked by animalsURBAN SOUTHFeel in dangerSafety of childrenSomeone attacked by animalsRURAL SOUTHFeel in dangerSafety of childrenSomeone attacked by animals0 20 40 60 80 100PercentageOftenSometimesNever4.6 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTThe ‘External’ environment refers to the area outside thetoilet itself and is not related to the use of toilets by respondents.It can include living areas, public areas and privateland, which can all be affected by open defecation practicesand unimproved toilets. The consequences of water pollutionhave already been covered in section 4.2. The sourcesof data are mainly the ESI surveys: the physical locationsurvey, household interviews, and FGD. These data sourceshave been assessed comprehensively to understand thecontribution of each poor sanitation practice to the pollutionof the external environment, and preferences regardingtheir improvement.The solid waste management practices reflected in the householdsurvey have been investigated to assess the differentways people treat organic waste. Figure 25 shows the maindisposal practices for organic waste among populations indifferent field locations. People in the Rural North often giveorganic waste to the animals they raise, while most people inthe Urban North give it away, which reflects the income generatingactivities in each area (people in the Rural North sitespractice husbandry, while people in the Urban North sitesearn their living through business and monthly salaries).However, other urban areas apart from those in the UrbanNorth also give organic waste to animals. The explanationfor this is that Dong Thap (U1) and Tam Ky (U2) are citiesin Urban Central and Southern areas, containing manyhouseholds making an income from husbandry.www.wsp.org57
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Economic Assessment ofSanitation In
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Economic Assessment of Sanitation I
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ForewordTarget 10 of the Millennium
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Glossary of TermsBenefit-cost ratio
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AcknowledgmentsThe Economics of San
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V. National Benefits of Improved Sa
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Table 32. Sanitation coverage, and
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Figure 34. What factors were of mos
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Annex Table E1. Level of satisfacti
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Annex Table J1. Site U1 (Dong Thap,
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PopulationSelected Development Indi
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ReferencesAcharya A, Paunio MK and
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ANNEX 1: PROGRAM APPROACH ANALYSIST
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ANNEX TABLESANNEX A. STUDY METHODST
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