diced b Jos e S. Arc a, - non

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parallels between these two novels, including the plot.'" I believe, however,the similarities go farther:Dona PerfectaScene: Orbajosa: a town in SpainRoles: Jose Rey:engineerstudied in Madridplans a bridgeis disapproved, accused ofheresy, pm-German, etc.by Da. Perfecta and D. Inocencio,a CanonRosarito:Jose's cousinlives in her townsimple, deeply religioussubjected to the orders andwishes of Da. Perfecta andD. InoceacioDa. Perfecta:Rosarito's motherintolerant on religious mattersand possesive of herdaughterTio Pasolargo:tagged as "the philosopher"Plot Jose Rey and Rosarito want to getmarried "since it has beenarranged by Da Perfect' andJose's fatherThe wedding does not takeplace because of the oppositionof the parents of bothDénouement Jose Rey dies mysteriouslyafter a "turbulent plot"in Orbajosa is discoveredNoliSan Diego, a town in the Philippines.Crisostomo Ibarra y Masalin:rich young man, philanthropiststudied in Spainplans a schoolis disapproved, accused of beinganticlerical, pro-German, subversive,etc. by Fray Damaso, aFranciscan, disappears msyteriously.Maria Clara:Crisostomo's childhood friendlives in her townsimple, deeply religioussubjected to the orders and wishesof Fray DamasoFray Damaso:M. Clara's real fatherintolerant on religious matters andpossessive of his daughterTasio, the madman:tagged as "the philosopher"Crisostomo %arra and Ma. Clara want toget married since it has beenarranged by Capitan Tiago andD. Rafael IbarraThe wedding does not take placebecause of the opposition of FrayDamasoCrisostomo Ibarra is imprisoned for hispresumed participation in a"widespread conspiracy" discoveredby Fray Salvi109
Rosarito is brought to thephychiatric hospital ofS. Braulio in Llobregat (Barcelona)D. Inocencio is transferred toRomeMaria Clara enters themonastery of Santa Clara inManila, where she will endher days madFray Salvi is transferred by hissuperiors to ManilaThe parallels in the two novels, not only in the plot, but also in theunfolding of the plot, as well as the characterization, are so numerous it ishard to deny dependence of Rizal's novel on that of Perez Galdoz. Still, itwould be interesting if someone more competent could undertake a deeperanalysis of the matter and its many other details to find out the commonelements in both, including this aspect.17. Jose Maria Basa (?). Escandaloso, horrendo y punible delitoperpetrado en el Monasterio de Santa Clara por un fraile franciscano,vicario de la misma. [No printer, no date.]Schumacher shows this leaflet, printed probably for propagandapurposes by Jose Maria Basa in Hongkong, or at least with his cooperation,was nothing else but another one of those denigrating pieces clandestinelydistributed in the Philippines by the propagandists in order to blacken thename of the regular clergy.'" This appears from its colophon: "Away withfriar mobs. Come, secular priests!" Rizal received a copy in the same year1884, but it is not clear whether before or after he had started writing the Noli.The leaflet pretends to tell the dramatic experience of Sister PepitaEstrada who, adamant against the pressures of the abbess of Santa Clara, hermonastery, to submit to the sexual whims of their chaplain, sought help fromoutside, shouting from the tile roof of the building. The incidents took place,according to the writer, "one day in 1883" ("the month of August," noted areader of the copy kept in the Archivo Franciscano Iberio-Oriental inMadrid). Informed, Rafael Jovellar went to the monastery and ordered itsdoor opened. After considerable difficulties, he found out it was more seriousthan anticipated, since infants had already been murdered inside.Nevertheless, the guilty had never been punished and so they demanded,among other things, the exile of the. Archbishop of Manila, the expulsion ofthe friars, and the esclaustration of the nuns of Santa Clara.We have here a case of one of the innumerable calumnies printed both inthe Philippines and in Spain by anticlerical elements without the least moralscruples and for merely propagandistic aims. All kinds of literary divices110
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diced b Jose S. Arc a,
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Copyright 1988 byPHOENIX PUBLISHING
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Third and Fourth Trials, 49Fifth Tr
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INTRODUCTIONA century is not long i
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Case: 07-15763 08/18/2010 Page: 9 o
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his country," and intent on writing
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On 25 October, the first Sunday aft
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fellow passengets.2 On 1 November h
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Simeone Angelo Felice Volonteri was
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charmed those Italian missionaries
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In this situation, Fr. Vigano faile
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Exposition to the Queen Regent by t
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We may suppose there was a special
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an Artillery Corporal 'named Taylo
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attleship which had captured it. An
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"founder," considering the above an
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frequently mixed up the names, plac
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the plea for an indult presented by
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In the same manner, a series of cur
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The lure of greater fortunes in the
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The troops that assaulted Fort San
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Octavo admitted having heard the ap
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which detailed the personal circums
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Filipino patriotism. If, on the oth
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Rizal was convinced of this. He had
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they sought to have them directly s
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scandalizing him and Raimondi perha
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oral examination to impose immediat
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permanent War Council, which senten
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Eleven of those found guilty were c
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Crisanto de los Reyes. Together wit
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imposed for these five cases, while
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interpreted according to the "spiri
Page 67 and 68: WHEN AND HOW THE NOLI WAS WRITTENAp
Page 69 and 70: GENESIS OF THE NO L1The novel's imp
Page 71 and 72: I believe it was Blumentzit who has
Page 73 and 74: entered the orbit of the men of the
Page 75 and 76: Philippines: the people, symboliied
Page 77 and 78: On 25 January 1884, he notes in his
Page 79 and 80: Anyway, the close collaboration bet
Page 81 and 82: MemoriaThe Novales uprising took pl
Page 83 and 84: ecause of his influence on the circ
Page 85 and 86: humility";'' the surprising notice
Page 87 and 88: sick. He does not pray over those w
Page 89 and 90: its solution. Its founder was Feder
Page 91 and 92: and the question therefore was whet
Page 93 and 94: I am also convinced that the opinio
Page 95 and 96: you see, my dear boy, that all this
Page 97 and 98: had studied at the University of Sa
Page 99 and 100: However that may be, certain paragr
Page 101 and 102: From these texts, one sympathizes p
Page 103 and 104: the Philippines seriously, but not
Page 105 and 106: for twenty years in these lands of
Page 107 and 108: In his Olvidos de Filipinas (Manila
Page 109 and 110: apparently in the degree it was tho
Page 111 and 112: The book bums with praises of reaso
Page 113 and 114: them as slaves among the conquerors
Page 115 and 116: eminent Egyptologist [Champollion].
Page 117: omanticism" is accepted, however, w
Page 121 and 122: Hence, Noli me tangere can be inclu
Page 123 and 124: When he was eleven years old, Jose
Page 125 and 126: times, the Jesuits 4, references to
Page 127 and 128: While all these unforgettable event
Page 129 and 130: are as frequent and serious as thos
Page 131 and 132: two phrases not free of some disdai
Page 133 and 134: in Madrid, and still in the grip of
Page 135 and 136: poverty for the country. Besides, i
Page 137 and 138: Someone must have introduced our he
Page 139 and 140: himself and whom he observed at clo
Page 141 and 142: ordering on admiration, sufficientl
Page 143 and 144: the main protagonists in the episod
Page 145 and 146: morally, unmasking them before a cr
Page 147 and 148: And so, following these premises, E
Page 149 and 150: counter-campaign against this deman
Page 151 and 152: IV. ON IDENTIFYING THE NOVEL'S CHAR
Page 153 and 154: cans in a much more direct manner,
Page 155 and 156: confidential information from Fray
Page 157 and 158: with a certain frequency in the Phi
Page 159 and 160: Jesus Ma. Cavanna tried to do this
Page 161 and 162: sinned by excessive optimism. In th
Page 163 and 164: shall focus our attention on the re
Page 165 and 166: the Franciscans and Governor de la
Page 167 and 168: predecessor in the office, sent fro
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uary, he printed a notice of the cr
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paper which will provide a more con
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economic diffiCulties. Many of its
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Spain. In November, Coria, Arriaga,
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Some values essential to the primit
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Without leave of the corresponding
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46. In the convent of Palanan and o
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he found in the conversation among
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form, the entire dramatic argument
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and the Augustinian might have brok
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more radically anticlerical politic
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ONCE MORE THE NOLI—WITH UNDERSTAN
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uncalled for slurs against his fami
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choice of names: "Salvadorcito" or
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In the opening chapter of the Fili
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Overlooked by many is the final lin
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In other words, things were so bad
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evident sarcasm, his "Excellency wa
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husband for not standing up for her
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nineteenth century law and theory d
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to manipulate the election results
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thorough. The family prayed the Ros
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To be sure, Spain or Madrid in the
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his eyes, had the potential to lead
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time of the publication of the nove
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conditions in the Philippines, and
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Rizal's alternative to the use of v
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Tbe anticlimax, in Guerrero's tenn,
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EARLY LIFEBorn in 1846 in Figueros
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of the country, Pastells spent the
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which attests to his ardent desire
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advocated Catholic unity in its ext
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THE ROLE OF FERDINAND BLUMENTRITTIN
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eal rulers were, to all intents and
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newspaper campaign; the inhumanity
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Ibanez had also offered to act as a
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the Philippines by half. The Philip
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secular rulers of the Filipinos whe
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hatred of the blind and the ignoran
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BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHYCompiled by Jose
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Bantug, Jose P. El Dr. Jose Rizal c
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First International Congress on Riz
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Ramon Ozaeta. New York: Prentice Ha
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Villanueva, Francisco. Reminiscence
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Martin, Dalmacio H. "Hamlet and Its
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ENDNOTESVOLONTERI1. His last "Europ
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Fressell warehouse where the latter
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18. Rizal to Blumentritt, aboard th
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Blumentritt about the pastor of his
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unity of Spain and the confessional
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61. AHN, "Ultramar," 5216, exp. 26;
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97. Artigas y Cuerva, Op. cit., 126
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119. ACPF, "S. C. Cma 1867-1868," V
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9. "Seeing that only at great loss
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24. Published in Gaceta de Manila 2
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7. EJR, II, 3-1, 91. Italics mine.8
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vengeance alive . . . ." Graciano L
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36. * Not to overwhelm the reader w
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53. Noll, 50.54. Schumacher. Father
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(1872), 70-71. This was the typical
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83. Casimiro Herrero, 0. S. A., Fru
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120. I ask the reader to read again
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ut it agrees with those who know th
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19. Morga-Rizal, Sucesos (Paris, 18
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31. Diario: ER, I, 252-253.32. Loc.
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49. John N. Schumacher, S. J., "The
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Excellency, the Most Reverend Eccle
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it blamed his failure on "the monas
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116. Felix Huerta, 0. F. M., "Carta
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4recommend to us confidence in the-
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19. Op. cit., 224-225.20. Op. cit.,
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24. Pablo Pastells, S. J., MisiOn d
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16. Letter to Paciano, 1885: Op. ci
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THE ROLE OF BLU1VIENTRITT1. The Riz
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LEANDRO TORMO SANZ, Ph.D. (Madrid)
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