diced b Jos e S. Arc a, - non

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Excellency, the Most Reverend Ecclesiastical Governor of the Archbishopricof Manila, sede vacante, on the Anti-Religious Propaganda (Manila, 1889),many of whose paragraphs are clearly aimed at the Noll me tangere.73. EJR, 11-3, 1, 90.74. EJR, II-2, 2, 602.75. W. E. Retana, Biografia del Dr. Jose Rind, 127-128.76. Especially pages 99-191.77. La Iberia (13 January 1869). The telegrams exchanged between theOverseas Ministry and the Governor of the Philippines are published in thisdaily and on this date, probably with the intention of answering those whowere accusing Jose de la Gandara of non-collaboration in the revolutionarycause when he refused to introduce into the Philippines the changes that hadtaken place after the triumph of the revolution.78. This can be easily proven from the correspondence between theFranciscan Provincial and the Commissar and the rectors of Spain preservedin Libro de cartas de Espana: AFIO 92, fols. 10-123.79. Letter of Fray Benito Romero de Madridejos to Fr. Joaquin de Coria,Santa Cruz de Bay, 16 June 1869: Libro de cartas de Espana, fol. 124 v. Onthe Governors of the Philippines in 1868-1872, see Jose Montero y Vidal,Historia general de Filipinas (Madrid, 1895), III, 473-602.80. Libro de gobierno, 1849-1880: AFIO, 295/2, 276-277. Italics mine.This Libro is a thick volume containing the correspondence exchangedbetween the Governors of the Philippines and the successive FranciscanProvincials on various matters.81. Op. cit., 278.82. Op. cit., fol. 282.83. The Governor to the Provincial, Manila, 10 February 1869: AFIO,219/31.84. On the government of Carlos Ma. de la Torre, see Antonio M.Molina, The Philippines Through The Centuries (Manila, 1960), I, 310-318;Jeremias Rebanal y Ras, "El gobemador de Filipinas, Carlos Ma. de la Torrey Navacerrada," Missionalia Hispdnica 38 (1961) 95-128, .171-226,305-316.295
85. Carlos Ma. de la Torre, Manifiesto al pats sobre los sucesos deCavite, y Memoria sobre la administracion y gobierno de las islas Filipinas(Madrid, 1872), vii.86. Libro de cartas de Espana, fol. 132.87. Letter of Benito Romero de Madridejos to Vicente del Moral,Obando, 13-March, 1870: Libro de cartas de Espana, fol. 153. The Spanish isnot clear: "Cuando Rego este general hubo algunos recelos de que algunostienen quehacer [sic], pero despues vieron los que toleran [tuvieran?]intenci6n de crear disgusto a S. E. aqui lo que a todo lance cree convenientees sostener la recta moralidad y el principio de autoridad, asi es que bajo estosprincipios se marcha bien."88. The Governor to the Provincial, Manila, 6 September 1869: AFIO,219/51, and in Libro de gobierno, fols. 291-292.89. The Governor to the Provincial, Manila, 23 November 1869: AFIO,219/5-1.90. Libro de gobierno, fol 293.91. The entire expedient is in AFIO, 219/5. Following the sameapproach, but for different reasons, de la Torre also exiled a secular priest, D.Salvador Martin Amedo, from the Philippines. See Jose S. Arcilla, S. J. "TheExile of a Liberal in 1879, or Fr. Amedo's Case," Philippine Studies 19(1971) 373-419.92. The Governor to the Provincial, Manila, 1 August 1879: Libro degobierno, fols 304-305; AHN, Ultramar, 5152.93. The Provincial to Vicente del Moral, Manila, 31 December 1870:Libro de cartas de Espana, fol. 178.94. The Provincial to del Moral, Manila, 1 May 1871: Loc. cit., fol. 180.95. The Provincial to Gregorio Aguirre, 14 March 1871: Loc. cit., fol.183.96. de la Torre, Manifiesto, 8-9. After some kind of narrative describingthe demonstration organized by the most progressive elements in thePhilippines to manifest their joy at de la Torre's appointment, El Eco Filipino(17 October 1871) expressed disillusionment over the way de la Torregoverned, since it did not correspond to their expectations. On 14 November,296
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diced b Jose S. Arc a,
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Copyright 1988 byPHOENIX PUBLISHING
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Third and Fourth Trials, 49Fifth Tr
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INTRODUCTIONA century is not long i
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Case: 07-15763 08/18/2010 Page: 9 o
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his country," and intent on writing
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On 25 October, the first Sunday aft
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fellow passengets.2 On 1 November h
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Simeone Angelo Felice Volonteri was
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charmed those Italian missionaries
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In this situation, Fr. Vigano faile
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Exposition to the Queen Regent by t
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We may suppose there was a special
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an Artillery Corporal 'named Taylo
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attleship which had captured it. An
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"founder," considering the above an
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frequently mixed up the names, plac
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the plea for an indult presented by
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In the same manner, a series of cur
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The lure of greater fortunes in the
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The troops that assaulted Fort San
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Octavo admitted having heard the ap
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which detailed the personal circums
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Filipino patriotism. If, on the oth
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Rizal was convinced of this. He had
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they sought to have them directly s
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scandalizing him and Raimondi perha
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oral examination to impose immediat
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permanent War Council, which senten
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Eleven of those found guilty were c
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Crisanto de los Reyes. Together wit
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imposed for these five cases, while
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interpreted according to the "spiri
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WHEN AND HOW THE NOLI WAS WRITTENAp
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GENESIS OF THE NO L1The novel's imp
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I believe it was Blumentzit who has
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entered the orbit of the men of the
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Philippines: the people, symboliied
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On 25 January 1884, he notes in his
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Anyway, the close collaboration bet
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MemoriaThe Novales uprising took pl
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ecause of his influence on the circ
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humility";'' the surprising notice
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sick. He does not pray over those w
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its solution. Its founder was Feder
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and the question therefore was whet
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I am also convinced that the opinio
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you see, my dear boy, that all this
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had studied at the University of Sa
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However that may be, certain paragr
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From these texts, one sympathizes p
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the Philippines seriously, but not
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for twenty years in these lands of
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In his Olvidos de Filipinas (Manila
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apparently in the degree it was tho
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The book bums with praises of reaso
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them as slaves among the conquerors
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eminent Egyptologist [Champollion].
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omanticism" is accepted, however, w
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Rosarito is brought to thephychiatr
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Hence, Noli me tangere can be inclu
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When he was eleven years old, Jose
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times, the Jesuits 4, references to
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While all these unforgettable event
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are as frequent and serious as thos
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two phrases not free of some disdai
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in Madrid, and still in the grip of
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poverty for the country. Besides, i
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Someone must have introduced our he
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himself and whom he observed at clo
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ordering on admiration, sufficientl
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the main protagonists in the episod
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morally, unmasking them before a cr
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And so, following these premises, E
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counter-campaign against this deman
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IV. ON IDENTIFYING THE NOVEL'S CHAR
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cans in a much more direct manner,
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confidential information from Fray
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with a certain frequency in the Phi
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Jesus Ma. Cavanna tried to do this
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sinned by excessive optimism. In th
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shall focus our attention on the re
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the Franciscans and Governor de la
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predecessor in the office, sent fro
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uary, he printed a notice of the cr
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paper which will provide a more con
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economic diffiCulties. Many of its
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Spain. In November, Coria, Arriaga,
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Some values essential to the primit
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Without leave of the corresponding
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46. In the convent of Palanan and o
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he found in the conversation among
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form, the entire dramatic argument
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and the Augustinian might have brok
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more radically anticlerical politic
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ONCE MORE THE NOLI—WITH UNDERSTAN
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uncalled for slurs against his fami
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choice of names: "Salvadorcito" or
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In the opening chapter of the Fili
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Overlooked by many is the final lin
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In other words, things were so bad
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evident sarcasm, his "Excellency wa
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husband for not standing up for her
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nineteenth century law and theory d
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to manipulate the election results
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thorough. The family prayed the Ros
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To be sure, Spain or Madrid in the
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his eyes, had the potential to lead
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time of the publication of the nove
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conditions in the Philippines, and
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Rizal's alternative to the use of v
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Tbe anticlimax, in Guerrero's tenn,
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EARLY LIFEBorn in 1846 in Figueros
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of the country, Pastells spent the
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which attests to his ardent desire
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advocated Catholic unity in its ext
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THE ROLE OF FERDINAND BLUMENTRITTIN
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eal rulers were, to all intents and
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newspaper campaign; the inhumanity
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Ibanez had also offered to act as a
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the Philippines by half. The Philip
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secular rulers of the Filipinos whe
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hatred of the blind and the ignoran
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BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHYCompiled by Jose
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Bantug, Jose P. El Dr. Jose Rizal c
Page 254 and 255: First International Congress on Riz
Page 256 and 257: Ramon Ozaeta. New York: Prentice Ha
Page 258 and 259: Villanueva, Francisco. Reminiscence
Page 260 and 261: Martin, Dalmacio H. "Hamlet and Its
Page 262 and 263: ENDNOTESVOLONTERI1. His last "Europ
Page 264 and 265: Fressell warehouse where the latter
Page 266 and 267: 18. Rizal to Blumentritt, aboard th
Page 268 and 269: Blumentritt about the pastor of his
Page 270 and 271: unity of Spain and the confessional
Page 272 and 273: 61. AHN, "Ultramar," 5216, exp. 26;
Page 274 and 275: 97. Artigas y Cuerva, Op. cit., 126
Page 276 and 277: 119. ACPF, "S. C. Cma 1867-1868," V
Page 278 and 279: 9. "Seeing that only at great loss
Page 280 and 281: 24. Published in Gaceta de Manila 2
Page 282 and 283: 7. EJR, II, 3-1, 91. Italics mine.8
Page 284 and 285: vengeance alive . . . ." Graciano L
Page 286 and 287: 36. * Not to overwhelm the reader w
Page 288 and 289: 53. Noll, 50.54. Schumacher. Father
Page 290 and 291: (1872), 70-71. This was the typical
Page 292 and 293: 83. Casimiro Herrero, 0. S. A., Fru
Page 294 and 295: 120. I ask the reader to read again
Page 296 and 297: ut it agrees with those who know th
Page 298 and 299: 19. Morga-Rizal, Sucesos (Paris, 18
Page 300 and 301: 31. Diario: ER, I, 252-253.32. Loc.
Page 302 and 303: 49. John N. Schumacher, S. J., "The
Page 306 and 307: it blamed his failure on "the monas
Page 308 and 309: 116. Felix Huerta, 0. F. M., "Carta
Page 310 and 311: 4recommend to us confidence in the-
Page 312 and 313: 19. Op. cit., 224-225.20. Op. cit.,
Page 314 and 315: 24. Pablo Pastells, S. J., MisiOn d
Page 316 and 317: 16. Letter to Paciano, 1885: Op. ci
Page 318 and 319: THE ROLE OF BLU1VIENTRITT1. The Riz
Page 320: LEANDRO TORMO SANZ, Ph.D. (Madrid)
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