diced b Jos e S. Arc a, - non

you see, my dear boy, that all this is tangible proof that the reforms proposedby the Ministers in Madrid are crazy?"Concerning the problem of education, a review of chapters 19, 21, 26, 34,and 40 of the Noli clearly shows Fray Damaso determined to block Ibarra'sproject to raise a school for one simple reason: from the Franciscan'sexperience, all those who went to Europe returned heretics and lost respectfor the priests. The same thing was likely to happen to those who, withoutgoing abroad, received an identical or similar education.7. Casimiro Herrero, 0. S. A. Resefia que demuestra el fundamento ycausal de la insurreccion del 20 de enero en Filipinas, con los mediosde evitarla en lo sucesivo. Escrita en conformidad con la opinion detodos los espafioles, por uno de larga experiencia en el pats. Madrid,1872As in his other books, the friar author's name does not appear on the titlepage, but the introduction is signed with his name, and there can be no doubtabout the authorship.There are several interesting points and parallels between this brochureand Rizal's novel. After a lengthy introduction about the meaning of the word"freedom" and the abuses it has suffered in various European countries, theauthor shows or wants to prove the exceptional goodness of the Spanishadministration reflected in its laws. It is true certain corporal punishments—e. g., the rattan whip—were used, but they were needed for the Filipinos whoin the past "usually righted everything with the rattan whip," or also becauseit "is the most painful for the indio," and in this manner "public ire issatisfied.'" The Cavite mutiny was the fruit of "publications which poisonedthe mind and the heart of the loyal Filipinos and made them the instrument ofthe ambition and indignation of certain rebels?" with the cooperation of agreat number of the clergy" using El Eco Filipino as a means of spreadingtheir ideas—the same which produced all the revolutions in Europe.As for the reforms demanded by some, Fray Casimiro observes that"considering the ineptitude of the natives for the abstract sciences, they willseek to improve the natural, practical, and mechanical arts, for which theindio has sufficient talent, and they can be of great use and value in theIslands," but nothing else."That Rizal read this work carefully is beyond doubt. It seems paralleledin the novel by the friar's words after the discovery of the San Diego"conspiracy" with a view to a possible recompense for Fray Salvi who had86