diced b Jos e S. Arc a, - non

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it blamed his failure on "the monastic orders who saw approaching ingigantic strides the end of their despotic control." In the editors' opinion, thegovernor should have stopped being a "toy" of the religious orders.97. Loc. cit., 19.98. Loc. cit., 21.99. The Provincial to del Moral, Manila, 21 April 1871: Libro de cartasde Espana, fol. 183 v.100. The Provincial to del Moral, Manila, 4 December 1871: Loc. cit.,fols. 214-215. This paragraph seems to contradict what other sources seem tosay about Carlos Ma. de la Torre's attitudes and the censorship of the pressduring his term in the Philippines.101. The Provincial to del Moral, Manila, 8 January 1872: Loc. cit., fol.217.102. The Provincial to Gregorio Aguirre, Manila, 19 February 1872: Loc.cit., fol. 218.103. Of these letters, the first two were reprinted fully by the conservativereview Altar y Trono on 13 October 1869, 393-396.104. These were reprinted in Schumacher, Father Jose Burgos, 135-193.Burgos published a fifth letter in La Armonfa, 11 and 14 February 1871 inanswer to an anonymous letter published in Altar y Trono (5 September1870), 315-316. In this the writer laments the campaign against the religiousorders, which is joined by the Spaniards themselves and some priests, andadds: "There is the case of a certain Jose Burgos, pastor of this Cathedral.Unfortunately, he published in La Discusion three inflammatory articles . . ."He ends with the following: "P. S. His Excellency, the Governor, who seemsto be enjoying good health, came to Navotas from Salomboy [sic] and hadremained there for fifteen or twenty days now.105. La Discusion, 18 September 1869.106. Besides numerous articles published in Madrid and Manila, RafaelGarcia Lopez also published: Origen e historia del Jardin Botanico y de laEscuela de Agricultura de Filipinas (Madrid: Imprenta de Juan Iniesta,1872), and Manual teorico-prdctico para el cultivo y beneficio del tabaco enFilipinas (Madrid: Impr. de G. Moliner y Cia., 1875)297
107. "Famous Filipino jurisconsult, he was one of the deputies to theCortes for his native land when the Constitution was in force even in thePhilippines. Lecaroz was General Camba's lawyer, and his attorney chargedwith his defense during his traditional juicio de residencia. The Spaniardspersecuted Lecaroz as a filibuster." T. H. Pardo de Tavera, BibliotecaFilipina (Washington, 1903) 231. This defense was published in a pamphlettitled Juicio de residencia del Excmo. Sr. D. Andres Garcia Camba o las trespiezas que compeenden lo sustancial del juicio: el pliego de cargos, sucontestation y la sentencia (Madrid: Imp. de D. M. Sanchez, 1843).108. Cayetano Sanchez Fuertes, 0. F. M., "Rizal frente a losFranciscanos," Archivo lbero-Americano 38 (19780 548-555, 562-565, andits English translation by Bnice Cniikshank, "The Franciscans in the Life andWritings of Jose Rizal," Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 11(1983) 27-33, 38-42.109. Sebastian Moraleda to Gregorio Aguirre, Manila, 20 August 1870:Libro de cartas de Espana, fol. 169110. Francisco Arriaga, Historia de la provision de una cdtedra (Madrid:Imprenta a cargo de J. E. Moreta, 1871).111. A catalogue of his printed works is in Apolinar Pastrana Riol,"Bibliografia francisco-filipina," Missionalia Hispanica 39 (1893) 278-281.Coria left besides numerous manuscripts, among which sermons are abundant,some of them in Tagalog. They are preserved in AFIO.112. Eusebio Gomez Platero, Catdlogo biogrdfico (Manila, 1880), 565-657.113. Libro de cartas de Espana, fol. 235._ 114. Gomez Platero, Op. cit., 691-692; Valentin Marin y Morales, 0. P.Ensayo de una stntesis de los trabajos realizados por las corporacionesreligiosas espaiiolas en Filipinas (Manila: Imprenta de Santo Tomas, 1901),II, 603-606.115. Antolin Uy, S. V. D., The State of the Church in the Philippines,1850-1875 [Tagaytay Studies, 3] (Tagaytay City: Divine Word Seminary,1984), 139-198.116. See Gomez Platero, Op. cit., 647-648.298
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diced b Jose S. Arc a,
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Copyright 1988 byPHOENIX PUBLISHING
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Third and Fourth Trials, 49Fifth Tr
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INTRODUCTIONA century is not long i
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Case: 07-15763 08/18/2010 Page: 9 o
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his country," and intent on writing
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On 25 October, the first Sunday aft
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fellow passengets.2 On 1 November h
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Simeone Angelo Felice Volonteri was
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charmed those Italian missionaries
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In this situation, Fr. Vigano faile
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Exposition to the Queen Regent by t
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We may suppose there was a special
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an Artillery Corporal 'named Taylo
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attleship which had captured it. An
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"founder," considering the above an
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frequently mixed up the names, plac
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the plea for an indult presented by
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In the same manner, a series of cur
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The lure of greater fortunes in the
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The troops that assaulted Fort San
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Octavo admitted having heard the ap
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which detailed the personal circums
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Filipino patriotism. If, on the oth
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Rizal was convinced of this. He had
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they sought to have them directly s
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scandalizing him and Raimondi perha
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oral examination to impose immediat
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permanent War Council, which senten
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Eleven of those found guilty were c
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Crisanto de los Reyes. Together wit
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imposed for these five cases, while
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interpreted according to the "spiri
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WHEN AND HOW THE NOLI WAS WRITTENAp
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GENESIS OF THE NO L1The novel's imp
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I believe it was Blumentzit who has
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entered the orbit of the men of the
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Philippines: the people, symboliied
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On 25 January 1884, he notes in his
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Anyway, the close collaboration bet
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MemoriaThe Novales uprising took pl
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ecause of his influence on the circ
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humility";'' the surprising notice
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sick. He does not pray over those w
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its solution. Its founder was Feder
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and the question therefore was whet
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I am also convinced that the opinio
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you see, my dear boy, that all this
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had studied at the University of Sa
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However that may be, certain paragr
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From these texts, one sympathizes p
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the Philippines seriously, but not
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for twenty years in these lands of
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In his Olvidos de Filipinas (Manila
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apparently in the degree it was tho
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The book bums with praises of reaso
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them as slaves among the conquerors
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eminent Egyptologist [Champollion].
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omanticism" is accepted, however, w
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Rosarito is brought to thephychiatr
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Hence, Noli me tangere can be inclu
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When he was eleven years old, Jose
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times, the Jesuits 4, references to
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While all these unforgettable event
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are as frequent and serious as thos
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two phrases not free of some disdai
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in Madrid, and still in the grip of
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poverty for the country. Besides, i
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Someone must have introduced our he
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himself and whom he observed at clo
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ordering on admiration, sufficientl
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the main protagonists in the episod
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morally, unmasking them before a cr
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And so, following these premises, E
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counter-campaign against this deman
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IV. ON IDENTIFYING THE NOVEL'S CHAR
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cans in a much more direct manner,
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confidential information from Fray
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with a certain frequency in the Phi
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Jesus Ma. Cavanna tried to do this
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sinned by excessive optimism. In th
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shall focus our attention on the re
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the Franciscans and Governor de la
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predecessor in the office, sent fro
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uary, he printed a notice of the cr
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paper which will provide a more con
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economic diffiCulties. Many of its
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Spain. In November, Coria, Arriaga,
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Some values essential to the primit
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Without leave of the corresponding
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46. In the convent of Palanan and o
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he found in the conversation among
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form, the entire dramatic argument
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and the Augustinian might have brok
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more radically anticlerical politic
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ONCE MORE THE NOLI—WITH UNDERSTAN
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uncalled for slurs against his fami
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choice of names: "Salvadorcito" or
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In the opening chapter of the Fili
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Overlooked by many is the final lin
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In other words, things were so bad
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evident sarcasm, his "Excellency wa
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husband for not standing up for her
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nineteenth century law and theory d
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to manipulate the election results
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thorough. The family prayed the Ros
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To be sure, Spain or Madrid in the
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his eyes, had the potential to lead
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time of the publication of the nove
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conditions in the Philippines, and
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Rizal's alternative to the use of v
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Tbe anticlimax, in Guerrero's tenn,
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EARLY LIFEBorn in 1846 in Figueros
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of the country, Pastells spent the
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which attests to his ardent desire
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advocated Catholic unity in its ext
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THE ROLE OF FERDINAND BLUMENTRITTIN
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eal rulers were, to all intents and
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newspaper campaign; the inhumanity
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Ibanez had also offered to act as a
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the Philippines by half. The Philip
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secular rulers of the Filipinos whe
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hatred of the blind and the ignoran
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BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHYCompiled by Jose
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Bantug, Jose P. El Dr. Jose Rizal c
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First International Congress on Riz
Page 256 and 257: Ramon Ozaeta. New York: Prentice Ha
Page 258 and 259: Villanueva, Francisco. Reminiscence
Page 260 and 261: Martin, Dalmacio H. "Hamlet and Its
Page 262 and 263: ENDNOTESVOLONTERI1. His last "Europ
Page 264 and 265: Fressell warehouse where the latter
Page 266 and 267: 18. Rizal to Blumentritt, aboard th
Page 268 and 269: Blumentritt about the pastor of his
Page 270 and 271: unity of Spain and the confessional
Page 272 and 273: 61. AHN, "Ultramar," 5216, exp. 26;
Page 274 and 275: 97. Artigas y Cuerva, Op. cit., 126
Page 276 and 277: 119. ACPF, "S. C. Cma 1867-1868," V
Page 278 and 279: 9. "Seeing that only at great loss
Page 280 and 281: 24. Published in Gaceta de Manila 2
Page 282 and 283: 7. EJR, II, 3-1, 91. Italics mine.8
Page 284 and 285: vengeance alive . . . ." Graciano L
Page 286 and 287: 36. * Not to overwhelm the reader w
Page 288 and 289: 53. Noll, 50.54. Schumacher. Father
Page 290 and 291: (1872), 70-71. This was the typical
Page 292 and 293: 83. Casimiro Herrero, 0. S. A., Fru
Page 294 and 295: 120. I ask the reader to read again
Page 296 and 297: ut it agrees with those who know th
Page 298 and 299: 19. Morga-Rizal, Sucesos (Paris, 18
Page 300 and 301: 31. Diario: ER, I, 252-253.32. Loc.
Page 302 and 303: 49. John N. Schumacher, S. J., "The
Page 304 and 305: Excellency, the Most Reverend Eccle
Page 308 and 309: 116. Felix Huerta, 0. F. M., "Carta
Page 310 and 311: 4recommend to us confidence in the-
Page 312 and 313: 19. Op. cit., 224-225.20. Op. cit.,
Page 314 and 315: 24. Pablo Pastells, S. J., MisiOn d
Page 316 and 317: 16. Letter to Paciano, 1885: Op. ci
Page 318 and 319: THE ROLE OF BLU1VIENTRITT1. The Riz
Page 320: LEANDRO TORMO SANZ, Ph.D. (Madrid)
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