diced b Jos e S. Arc a, - non

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Blumentritt about the pastor of his hometown Calamba: ". . . a just man,liberal and tolerant . . He was a musician, a poet, and a naturalist. He neverbecame involved with politics. He never had anything to do with the electionof the gobernadorcillo": EJR, 11-2, 754. This is Rizalian tolerance: of theaccidental, not of the substantial.27. EJR, I, 244.28. EJR, I, 245.29. OR, I, 246.30. EJR, 11-2, 760.31. EJR, II-2, 688.32. EJR, 11-2, 775.33. EJR, I, 249.34. EJR, I, 252-253.35. EJR, I, 258.36. I do not know Fischer's masons for writing: "Josephine Bracken, anAnglo-Chinese mestiza, who arrived in the Islands with her sick father-inlaw":Fischer, Jose Rizal, 47. He cites Leon Ma. Guerrero, The First Filipino,but the 1974 edition which I used carries a document written by JosephineBracken, titled "Description of My Life." She relates: "My Mother is aNative of Ireland and was married to my Father on the 3rd of May 1868 inBelfast, Ireland. My Father's name is James Bracken, and my Mother'sMaiden Name was Elizabeth Jane MacBride": Guerrero, Op. cit., 360.37. Carlos Alonso, "La Sagrada Congregaci6n y Filipinas: Relacionessolo en la Primera Parte del siglo XVIII," Sacrae Congregationis dePropaganda Fide Memoria Rerwn. 350 Afios al Servicio de las Misiones,1622-1972 (Roma-Fribourg-Vienna, 1972), I, 2, 1044. "Reglamento delColegio Seminario de San Clemente," epigraph "De las naciones que se hande admitir poi colegiales," in Pedro Rubio Merino, Don Diego Camacho yAvila, Arzobispo de Manila y de Guadalajara de Mexico (1695-1712)(Sevilla, 1958), 524-525.38. Giovanni B. Tragella, Le Missioni Estere di Milano (Milan, 1950)I, 278.259
39. Archivio della Sacra Congregazione della Propaganda Fide (Roma),"S. C. Roma," Vol. 23. fols. 1-7.40. Ibid.41. Archivio Generale del Pontificio Istituto Missioni Estere (Roma),"Hongkong, Missionari 1859-89," Vol. 18, fols. 968-971.42. La Cruz I (Madrid, 1872), 198-207.43. "Mcmoria instructiva, escrita para su sucesor" in Jerernias Rebanaly Ras, La administracion liberal espaiiola en Filipinas (1869-1871), Ph.D.dissertation submitted to the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, II, 384.44. Governor Carlos Ma. de la Torre's term of office has been badlytreated by the majority of Spanish historians, but generally praised inPhilippine historiography. Antonio M. Molina has proved the anti-liberalposture of this Governor in "the Myth of Carlos Ma. de la Tone," Unitas 36(Manila, 1963) and his The Philippines Through the Centuries (Manila,1960) I, 313-318. Jeremias Rebanal has also mentioned this in hisdissertation cited in the preceding note. Subsequently, John N. Schumacher,S. J. and Nicholas P. Cushner, S. J. published "Documents Relating to FatherJose Burgos and the Cavite Mutiny of 1872," in Philippine Studies 17 (1969)457-529. Among these documents are orders from de la Tone to censor theEuropean correspondence addressed to Jose Garbriel Esquivel, TomasFuentes, Manuel Fuentes, Ambrosio Bautista, Agustin Mendoza, JoseBurgos, Juan Adrian°, Ignacio Rocha, and Joaquin Loizaga. Finally, in thesame review, Jose S. Arcilla, S. J. haS published " The Exile of a Liberal in1870, or Father Arnedo's case, " Philippine Studies 19 (1970), 373-419,which likewise shows the anti-liberal actuations of de la Torre.45. Arch. PIME, "Hongkong, Missionari 1859-89," vol. 18, fols. 972-975.46. Excerpted from a letter dated Manila, 9 July 1870, published with thetitle "Correspondencia de Filipinas," Altar y Trono (5 September 1870) 315.Because of the strong attack against the Spanish functionaries, the PhilippineCustoms accused the paper's editorial staff before the Tribunal of Justice:Archivo Historico Nacional (Madrid), "Ultramar," 5215, expediente 4.47. Santiago Petschen, Iglesi-Estado. Un cambio politico. Lasconstituyentes de 1869 (Madrid, 1974). Note that deputies like RafaelIzquierdo who voted in the Constituent Cones of 1869 against the Catholic260
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diced b Jose S. Arc a,
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Copyright 1988 byPHOENIX PUBLISHING
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Third and Fourth Trials, 49Fifth Tr
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INTRODUCTIONA century is not long i
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Case: 07-15763 08/18/2010 Page: 9 o
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his country," and intent on writing
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On 25 October, the first Sunday aft
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fellow passengets.2 On 1 November h
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Simeone Angelo Felice Volonteri was
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charmed those Italian missionaries
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In this situation, Fr. Vigano faile
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Exposition to the Queen Regent by t
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We may suppose there was a special
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an Artillery Corporal 'named Taylo
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attleship which had captured it. An
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"founder," considering the above an
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frequently mixed up the names, plac
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the plea for an indult presented by
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In the same manner, a series of cur
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The lure of greater fortunes in the
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The troops that assaulted Fort San
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Octavo admitted having heard the ap
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which detailed the personal circums
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Filipino patriotism. If, on the oth
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Rizal was convinced of this. He had
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they sought to have them directly s
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scandalizing him and Raimondi perha
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oral examination to impose immediat
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permanent War Council, which senten
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Eleven of those found guilty were c
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Crisanto de los Reyes. Together wit
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imposed for these five cases, while
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interpreted according to the "spiri
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WHEN AND HOW THE NOLI WAS WRITTENAp
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GENESIS OF THE NO L1The novel's imp
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I believe it was Blumentzit who has
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entered the orbit of the men of the
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Philippines: the people, symboliied
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On 25 January 1884, he notes in his
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Anyway, the close collaboration bet
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MemoriaThe Novales uprising took pl
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ecause of his influence on the circ
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humility";'' the surprising notice
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sick. He does not pray over those w
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its solution. Its founder was Feder
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and the question therefore was whet
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I am also convinced that the opinio
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you see, my dear boy, that all this
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had studied at the University of Sa
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However that may be, certain paragr
Page 101 and 102:
From these texts, one sympathizes p
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the Philippines seriously, but not
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for twenty years in these lands of
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In his Olvidos de Filipinas (Manila
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apparently in the degree it was tho
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The book bums with praises of reaso
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them as slaves among the conquerors
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eminent Egyptologist [Champollion].
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omanticism" is accepted, however, w
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Rosarito is brought to thephychiatr
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Hence, Noli me tangere can be inclu
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When he was eleven years old, Jose
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times, the Jesuits 4, references to
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While all these unforgettable event
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are as frequent and serious as thos
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two phrases not free of some disdai
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in Madrid, and still in the grip of
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poverty for the country. Besides, i
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Someone must have introduced our he
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himself and whom he observed at clo
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ordering on admiration, sufficientl
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the main protagonists in the episod
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morally, unmasking them before a cr
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And so, following these premises, E
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counter-campaign against this deman
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IV. ON IDENTIFYING THE NOVEL'S CHAR
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cans in a much more direct manner,
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confidential information from Fray
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with a certain frequency in the Phi
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Jesus Ma. Cavanna tried to do this
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sinned by excessive optimism. In th
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shall focus our attention on the re
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the Franciscans and Governor de la
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predecessor in the office, sent fro
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uary, he printed a notice of the cr
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paper which will provide a more con
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economic diffiCulties. Many of its
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Spain. In November, Coria, Arriaga,
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Some values essential to the primit
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Without leave of the corresponding
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46. In the convent of Palanan and o
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he found in the conversation among
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form, the entire dramatic argument
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and the Augustinian might have brok
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more radically anticlerical politic
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ONCE MORE THE NOLI—WITH UNDERSTAN
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uncalled for slurs against his fami
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choice of names: "Salvadorcito" or
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In the opening chapter of the Fili
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Overlooked by many is the final lin
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In other words, things were so bad
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evident sarcasm, his "Excellency wa
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husband for not standing up for her
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nineteenth century law and theory d
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to manipulate the election results
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thorough. The family prayed the Ros
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To be sure, Spain or Madrid in the
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Page 219 and 220: time of the publication of the nove
Page 221 and 222: conditions in the Philippines, and
Page 223 and 224: Rizal's alternative to the use of v
Page 225 and 226: Tbe anticlimax, in Guerrero's tenn,
Page 227 and 228: EARLY LIFEBorn in 1846 in Figueros
Page 229 and 230: of the country, Pastells spent the
Page 231 and 232: which attests to his ardent desire
Page 233 and 234: advocated Catholic unity in its ext
Page 236 and 237: THE ROLE OF FERDINAND BLUMENTRITTIN
Page 238 and 239: eal rulers were, to all intents and
Page 240 and 241: newspaper campaign; the inhumanity
Page 242 and 243: Ibanez had also offered to act as a
Page 244 and 245: the Philippines by half. The Philip
Page 246 and 247: secular rulers of the Filipinos whe
Page 248 and 249: hatred of the blind and the ignoran
Page 250 and 251: BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHYCompiled by Jose
Page 252 and 253: Bantug, Jose P. El Dr. Jose Rizal c
Page 254 and 255: First International Congress on Riz
Page 256 and 257: Ramon Ozaeta. New York: Prentice Ha
Page 258 and 259: Villanueva, Francisco. Reminiscence
Page 260 and 261: Martin, Dalmacio H. "Hamlet and Its
Page 262 and 263: ENDNOTESVOLONTERI1. His last "Europ
Page 264 and 265: Fressell warehouse where the latter
Page 266 and 267: 18. Rizal to Blumentritt, aboard th
Page 270 and 271: unity of Spain and the confessional
Page 272 and 273: 61. AHN, "Ultramar," 5216, exp. 26;
Page 274 and 275: 97. Artigas y Cuerva, Op. cit., 126
Page 276 and 277: 119. ACPF, "S. C. Cma 1867-1868," V
Page 278 and 279: 9. "Seeing that only at great loss
Page 280 and 281: 24. Published in Gaceta de Manila 2
Page 282 and 283: 7. EJR, II, 3-1, 91. Italics mine.8
Page 284 and 285: vengeance alive . . . ." Graciano L
Page 286 and 287: 36. * Not to overwhelm the reader w
Page 288 and 289: 53. Noll, 50.54. Schumacher. Father
Page 290 and 291: (1872), 70-71. This was the typical
Page 292 and 293: 83. Casimiro Herrero, 0. S. A., Fru
Page 294 and 295: 120. I ask the reader to read again
Page 296 and 297: ut it agrees with those who know th
Page 298 and 299: 19. Morga-Rizal, Sucesos (Paris, 18
Page 300 and 301: 31. Diario: ER, I, 252-253.32. Loc.
Page 302 and 303: 49. John N. Schumacher, S. J., "The
Page 304 and 305: Excellency, the Most Reverend Eccle
Page 306 and 307: it blamed his failure on "the monas
Page 308 and 309: 116. Felix Huerta, 0. F. M., "Carta
Page 310 and 311: 4recommend to us confidence in the-
Page 312 and 313: 19. Op. cit., 224-225.20. Op. cit.,
Page 314 and 315: 24. Pablo Pastells, S. J., MisiOn d
Page 316 and 317: 16. Letter to Paciano, 1885: Op. ci
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THE ROLE OF BLU1VIENTRITT1. The Riz
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LEANDRO TORMO SANZ, Ph.D. (Madrid)
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