diced b Jos e S. Arc a, - non

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83. Casimiro Herrero, 0. S. A., Frutos que pueden dar las reformas enFilipinas, 6.84. Op. cit., 5.85. Op. cit., 15.86. Op. cit., 23.87. Noli, 6.88. C. H., Resefia, 47. Herrero again refers to the rattan cane as aninstrument of punishment in his Filipinas ante la razOn del indio, 138, towhich we shall return later, repeating the words we are quoting. Still, we mustnot forget that Antonio Garcia del Canto in his Misterios, 171-173, alreadyincludes a very long comment on the rattan used for the same purpose bydistinct social classes of the period in the Philippines, although he mentionsespecifically the excesses of precisely an Augustinian missionary.89. C. H., Resena, 86-111. Italics mine.90. Op. cit., 126. Italics mine.91. Noli, 367.92. Bartolome Alvarez de Manzano, 0. P.,. Compendio de la resenabiografica de los religiosos de la provincia del Santisimo Rosario deFilipinas (Manila, 1895), 916-917. Throughout the book, Manrique AlonsoLallave transcribes various dialogues between him and "Mr. B. . ." inSingapore when the ex-Dominican returned to Spain in 1871. Would heperhaps be referring to John Bowring, author of a work which we mentionlater in section 10?93. Manrique Alonso Lallave, Los frailes en Filipinas, 12.94. Op. cit., 73-74.95. [Casimim Herrero, 0. S. A.,] Filipinas ante la rathn del indio, 111.96. Op. cit., 129.97. Noli, 372.98. C. H., Resefia, 78. Italics mine. Passages containing similar ideas arefound in the same author's Filipinas ante la razOn del indio, 14, 16, 120, 167,288-293.283
99. Noli, 312-313.100. Herrero, Filipinas ante la razOn del indio, 277.101. Op. cit., 289-290.102. Op. cit., 291.103. Op. cit., 293.104. Noli, 159. Italics mine.105. EJR, I, 2-2, 602.106. EJR, II, 1, 63.107. T. H. Pardo de Tavera, Biblioteca Filipina (Washington, D.C., 1903)No. 491.108. Francisco Cafiamaque, Recuerdos de Filipinas (Madrid, 1877), 267.109. Francisco Cafiamaque, Recuerdos de Filipinas, (Madrid, 1879)Segunda parte, 75. The idea, however, has already appeared before in verysimilar terms in Manrique Alonso Lallave, 72.110. Francisco de P. Entrala, Olvidos de Filipinas (Manila, '1881), 111.111. Jimenez Lozano, Los cementerios civiles, 84-102.112. Op. cit., 95.113. Op. cit., 102-105.114. Schumacher, The Propaganda Movement, 51.115. EJR, VII, 282.116. Gomez Aparicio, Historia del periodismo esparlol, 12, 144-145.Similarly, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, Historia de la Espana Contempordnea(Madrid, 1972), I, 32.117. See, for example, the review of the work in La Ciencia Cristiana(1884), 745, where the adjectives used of it are "impious, irreverent, andheretical."118. Eugene A. Hessel, The Religious Thought of <strong>Jos</strong>e Rizal (QuezonCity, 1983).119. Francisco Pi y Margall, Las Luchas de Nuestros Dias (Madrid,1884), 137-139; see Noli, 210-211.284
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diced b Jose S. Arc a,
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Copyright 1988 byPHOENIX PUBLISHING
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Third and Fourth Trials, 49Fifth Tr
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INTRODUCTIONA century is not long i
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Case: 07-15763 08/18/2010 Page: 9 o
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his country," and intent on writing
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On 25 October, the first Sunday aft
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fellow passengets.2 On 1 November h
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Simeone Angelo Felice Volonteri was
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charmed those Italian missionaries
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In this situation, Fr. Vigano faile
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Exposition to the Queen Regent by t
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We may suppose there was a special
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an Artillery Corporal 'named Taylo
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attleship which had captured it. An
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"founder," considering the above an
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frequently mixed up the names, plac
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the plea for an indult presented by
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In the same manner, a series of cur
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The lure of greater fortunes in the
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The troops that assaulted Fort San
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Octavo admitted having heard the ap
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which detailed the personal circums
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Filipino patriotism. If, on the oth
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Rizal was convinced of this. He had
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they sought to have them directly s
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scandalizing him and Raimondi perha
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oral examination to impose immediat
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permanent War Council, which senten
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Eleven of those found guilty were c
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Crisanto de los Reyes. Together wit
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imposed for these five cases, while
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interpreted according to the "spiri
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WHEN AND HOW THE NOLI WAS WRITTENAp
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GENESIS OF THE NO L1The novel's imp
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I believe it was Blumentzit who has
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entered the orbit of the men of the
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Philippines: the people, symboliied
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On 25 January 1884, he notes in his
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Anyway, the close collaboration bet
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MemoriaThe Novales uprising took pl
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ecause of his influence on the circ
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humility";'' the surprising notice
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sick. He does not pray over those w
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its solution. Its founder was Feder
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and the question therefore was whet
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I am also convinced that the opinio
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you see, my dear boy, that all this
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had studied at the University of Sa
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However that may be, certain paragr
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From these texts, one sympathizes p
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the Philippines seriously, but not
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for twenty years in these lands of
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In his Olvidos de Filipinas (Manila
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apparently in the degree it was tho
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The book bums with praises of reaso
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them as slaves among the conquerors
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eminent Egyptologist [Champollion].
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omanticism" is accepted, however, w
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Rosarito is brought to thephychiatr
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Hence, Noli me tangere can be inclu
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When he was eleven years old, Jose
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times, the Jesuits 4, references to
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While all these unforgettable event
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are as frequent and serious as thos
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two phrases not free of some disdai
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in Madrid, and still in the grip of
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poverty for the country. Besides, i
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Someone must have introduced our he
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himself and whom he observed at clo
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ordering on admiration, sufficientl
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the main protagonists in the episod
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morally, unmasking them before a cr
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And so, following these premises, E
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counter-campaign against this deman
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IV. ON IDENTIFYING THE NOVEL'S CHAR
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cans in a much more direct manner,
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confidential information from Fray
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with a certain frequency in the Phi
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Jesus Ma. Cavanna tried to do this
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sinned by excessive optimism. In th
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shall focus our attention on the re
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the Franciscans and Governor de la
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predecessor in the office, sent fro
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uary, he printed a notice of the cr
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paper which will provide a more con
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economic diffiCulties. Many of its
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Spain. In November, Coria, Arriaga,
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Some values essential to the primit
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Without leave of the corresponding
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46. In the convent of Palanan and o
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he found in the conversation among
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form, the entire dramatic argument
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and the Augustinian might have brok
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more radically anticlerical politic
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ONCE MORE THE NOLI—WITH UNDERSTAN
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uncalled for slurs against his fami
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choice of names: "Salvadorcito" or
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In the opening chapter of the Fili
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Overlooked by many is the final lin
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In other words, things were so bad
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evident sarcasm, his "Excellency wa
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husband for not standing up for her
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nineteenth century law and theory d
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to manipulate the election results
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thorough. The family prayed the Ros
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To be sure, Spain or Madrid in the
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his eyes, had the potential to lead
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time of the publication of the nove
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conditions in the Philippines, and
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Rizal's alternative to the use of v
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Tbe anticlimax, in Guerrero's tenn,
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EARLY LIFEBorn in 1846 in Figueros
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of the country, Pastells spent the
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which attests to his ardent desire
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advocated Catholic unity in its ext
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THE ROLE OF FERDINAND BLUMENTRITTIN
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eal rulers were, to all intents and
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newspaper campaign; the inhumanity
Page 242 and 243: Ibanez had also offered to act as a
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Page 246 and 247: secular rulers of the Filipinos whe
Page 248 and 249: hatred of the blind and the ignoran
Page 250 and 251: BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHYCompiled by Jose
Page 252 and 253: Bantug, Jose P. El Dr. Jose Rizal c
Page 254 and 255: First International Congress on Riz
Page 256 and 257: Ramon Ozaeta. New York: Prentice Ha
Page 258 and 259: Villanueva, Francisco. Reminiscence
Page 260 and 261: Martin, Dalmacio H. "Hamlet and Its
Page 262 and 263: ENDNOTESVOLONTERI1. His last "Europ
Page 264 and 265: Fressell warehouse where the latter
Page 266 and 267: 18. Rizal to Blumentritt, aboard th
Page 268 and 269: Blumentritt about the pastor of his
Page 270 and 271: unity of Spain and the confessional
Page 272 and 273: 61. AHN, "Ultramar," 5216, exp. 26;
Page 274 and 275: 97. Artigas y Cuerva, Op. cit., 126
Page 276 and 277: 119. ACPF, "S. C. Cma 1867-1868," V
Page 278 and 279: 9. "Seeing that only at great loss
Page 280 and 281: 24. Published in Gaceta de Manila 2
Page 282 and 283: 7. EJR, II, 3-1, 91. Italics mine.8
Page 284 and 285: vengeance alive . . . ." Graciano L
Page 286 and 287: 36. * Not to overwhelm the reader w
Page 288 and 289: 53. Noll, 50.54. Schumacher. Father
Page 290 and 291: (1872), 70-71. This was the typical
Page 294 and 295: 120. I ask the reader to read again
Page 296 and 297: ut it agrees with those who know th
Page 298 and 299: 19. Morga-Rizal, Sucesos (Paris, 18
Page 300 and 301: 31. Diario: ER, I, 252-253.32. Loc.
Page 302 and 303: 49. John N. Schumacher, S. J., "The
Page 304 and 305: Excellency, the Most Reverend Eccle
Page 306 and 307: it blamed his failure on "the monas
Page 308 and 309: 116. Felix Huerta, 0. F. M., "Carta
Page 310 and 311: 4recommend to us confidence in the-
Page 312 and 313: 19. Op. cit., 224-225.20. Op. cit.,
Page 314 and 315: 24. Pablo Pastells, S. J., MisiOn d
Page 316 and 317: 16. Letter to Paciano, 1885: Op. ci
Page 318 and 319: THE ROLE OF BLU1VIENTRITT1. The Riz
Page 320: LEANDRO TORMO SANZ, Ph.D. (Madrid)
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