Flora Medica

JUGLANDACE^E.Nat. syst.ed. 2. p. 1 80.JUGLANS.Flowers monoecious. $ amentaceous. Bracts scale-like,adhering to the sepals and thus having the appearance of beingtoothed. Stamens 18-24; filaments very short ; anthers with abroad connective, opening longitudinally. $ clustered, or solitary.Calyx superior, 4-toothed. Petals 4, minute. Ovary1 -celled, with a single erect ovule ; stigmas 2, recurved. Drupeinferior, with the sarcocarp fleshy and spontaneously splittingoff the bony 2-valved furrowed stone. Seed erect with deeplycorrugated cotyledons.631. J. cinerea Linn, sp.pl. 1415. Jacq. ic. rar. i. t. 192.Bigelow med. bot. iii. t. 32 J. cathartica Mich, arbres forest.i. 165 Forests in the United States. (Butternut.)Leaves pinnate, very long, of 15-17 leaflets, each of which is2 or 3 inches long, rounded at base, acuminate, finely serrate anddowny. The flowers appear inMay before the leaves are expanded totheir full size. The barren flowers hang in large catkins from the sidesof the last year's shoots, near their extremities. The scales which composethem are oblong and deeply cleft on each side into about 3 teethor segments. The anthers are about 8 or 10 in number, oblong andnearly sessile. The fertile flowers grow in a short spike at the end ofthe new shoot; they are sessile and universally pubescent and viscid;when fully grown, they seem to consist of a large oblong ovary and aforked feathery style. The top of the ovary, however, presents anobscurely 4-toothed calyx. Within this is a corolla of 4 narrowlanceolate petals growing to the sides of the style. The style dividesinto 2 large, diverging, feathery stigmas nearly as long as the ovary.These flowers are somewhat later than the catkins in their appearance.Fruit sessile, several together on the sides and extremity of a longpeduncle, of a green colour, brown when ripe, oblong oval, pointed,hairy, and extremely viscid. The nut is of a dark colour, carinated onboth sides, sharp pointed, its whole surface roughened by deep indenturesand sharp prominences. The kernel is more regular than inmost nuts of its kind, is very oily, pleasant to the taste when fresh, butacquires a rancid taste by age. Bigelow. Inner bark, especially ofthe root, a very mild, innocent and efficacious laxative ; usually employedin America in the form of an extract. Bark of the stem said tobe rubefacient.632. J. regia Linn. sp. pi. 1415. Willd. iv. 455. Persia.(Common Walnut.)307 x 2