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CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 99Robins-Browne, R.M., M.M. Levine, B. Rowe, E.M. Gabriel. Failure to detect conventionalenterotoxins in classical enteropathogenic (serotyped) Escherichia coli strains of proven pathogenicity.Infect Immun 38:798–801, 1982.Rowe, B., J. Taylor, K.A. Bettelheim. An investigation of traveller’s diarrhoea. Lancet1:1–5, 1970.Rutter, J.M., G.W. Jones, G.T. Brown, M.R. Burrows, P.D. Luther. Antibacterial activity incolostrum and milk associated with protection of piglets against enteric disease caused byK88-positive Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 13:667–676, 1976.Ryder, R.W., R.A. Kaslow, J.G. Wells. Evidence for enterotoxin production by a classicenteropathogenic serotype of Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 140:626–628, 1979.Saltys, M.A. Bacteria and Fungi Pathogenic to Man and Animals. London: Baillière,Tindall and Cox; 1963.Spencer, L. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection forces awareness of food production andhandling. J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:1043–1047, 1993.Timoney, J.F., J.H. Gillespie, F.W. Scott, J.E. Barlough. Hagan and Bruner’s Microbiologyand Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals. 8th ed. Ithaca: Comstock; 1988.United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC). Preliminary report: Foodborne outbreak of Escherichia coliO157:H7 infections from hamburgers—western United States, 1993. MMWR Morb MortWkly Rep 42:85–86, 1993.Vial, P.A., R. Robins-Browne, H. Lior, et al. Characterization of enteroadherent-aggregativeEscherichia coli, a putative agent of diarrheal disease. J Infect Dis 158:70–79, 1988.White, D.G., R.A. Wilson, A. San Gabriel, et al. Genetic relationship among strainsof avian Escherichia coli associated with swollen-head syndrome. Infect Immun 58:3613–3620, 1990.Williams, L.P., B.C. Hobbs. Enterobacteriaceae infections. In: Hubbert, W.T., W.F.McCulloch, P.R. Schnurrenberger, eds. Diseases Transmitted from Animals to Man. 6th ed.Springfield: Thomas; 1975.World Health Organization (WHO). Research priorities for diarrhoeal disease vaccines:Memorandum from a WHO meeting. Bull WHO 69:667–676, 1991.World Health Organization Scientific Working Group. Escherichia coli diarrhoea. BullWHO 58:23–36, 1980.CORYNEBACTERIOSISICD-10 A48 other bacterial diseases, not elsewhere classifiedEtiology: The genus Corynebacterium consists of slightly inflexed, gram-positive,non–acid-fast, nonmotile, nonsporogenic, nonencapsulated, facultatively aerobicor anaerobic, catalase-positive bacilli. The genus is related to Nocardia,Rhodococcus, and Mycobacterium.The genus Corynebacterium includes species such as C. diphtheriae (typespecies), the agent of human diphtheria, and such animal pathogens as C. pseudotuberculosis(C. bovis) and C. renale. There are also species that are pathogenic for