zoonoses and communicable diseases common to ... - PAHO/WHO

352 MYCOSESLuciani, C.A. H.O. Toledo. Rhinosporidium seeberi en bovinos criollos (Bos taurus). VetArg 6(57):451–455, 1989.Mahapatra, L.N. Rhinosporidiosis. In: Warren, K.S., A.A.F. Mahmoud, eds. Tropical andGeographical Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1984.Mayorga, R. Prevalence of subcutaneous mycoses in Latin America. In: Pan AmericanHealth Organization. Proceedings: International Symposium on Mycoses. Washington, D.C.:PAHO; 1970. (Scientific Publication 205).Moreira Díaz, E.E., B. Milán Batista, C.E. Mayor González, H. Yokoyama.Rinosporidiosis: estudio de 33 casos diagnosticados por biopsias en el Hospital Central deMaputo, desde 1944 hasta 1986. Rev Cubana Med Trop 41:461–472, 1989.Negroni, P. Micosis cutáneas y viscerales. 5.ª ed. Buenos Aires: López; 1972.Raju, G.C., M.H. Jamalabadi. Rhinosporidiosis in Trinidad. Trop Geogr Med 35:257–258, 1983.Sauerteig, E.M. Rhinosporidiosis in Barinas, Venezuela. In: Pan American HealthOrganization. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Mycoses: Superficial,Cutaneous, and Subcutaneous Infections. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 1980. (ScientificPublication 396).Utz, J.P. The mycoses. In: Beeson, P.B., W. McDermott, J.B. Wyngaarden, eds. CecilTextbook of Medicine. 15th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1979.SPOROTRICHOSISICD-10 B42.0 pulmonary sporotrichosis; B42.1 lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis;B42.7 disseminated sporotrichosis; B42.8 other forms of sporotrichosisEtiology: Sporothrix schenckii (Sporotrichum schenckii, Sporotrichum beurmanni),a saprophytic fungus that lives in soil, plants, wood, and decaying vegetation.S. schenckii is a dimorphic fungus that occurs in a mycelial form in nature and ayeast form in infected animal tissues or on enriched culture media (such as bloodagar) at 37°C. The latter form generally produces multiple buds and occasionally asingle bud.Geographic Distribution: Worldwide; more common in tropical regions.Occurrence in Man: Sporadic; its frequency varies from region to region. Thedisease has been confirmed in all Latin American countries except Bolivia, Chile,and Nicaragua. It is more frequent in Asia, Brazil, the Central American countries,Mexico, South Africa, and Zimbabwe than in other countries. Although it is a relativelyrare disease, an epidemic affecting 3,000 workers was recorded in SouthAfrican gold mines. One group of cases also occurred in the United States amongforestry workers who contracted the disease while planting pine trees, and anothergroup of cases occurred among students who came in contact with contaminatedbricks (Mitchell, 1983). The largest outbreak in the United States, encompassing 15states, occurred in the spring of 1988 and affected 84 people. The outbreak was dueto S. schenckii in sphagnum moss that was used to pack young plants for shipment