zoonoses and communicable diseases common to ... - PAHO/WHO

SPOROTRICHOSIS 355Diagnosis: Diagnosis can be confirmed by culture and identification of the fungus.A specific and rapid method is direct immunofluorescence applied to biopsysamples from affected tissues or smears from sputum and bronchial lavages.Serological tests (latex agglutination, immunodiffusion, indirect immunofluorescence)are useful for patients with extracutaneous sporotrichosis. The disadvantageof serological tests is that antibodies may take some time to develop or may disappearafter a while even though the disease persists (Pluss and Opal, 1986).Control: It is recommended that wood in industries where cases occur be treatedwith fungicides. Moss must be wetted only immediately prior to packing plants soas to keep the fungus from developing.Veterinarians and their assistants should use gloves to handle and treat cats withcutaneous legions suspected of being sporotrichosis.BibliographyAinsworth, G.C., P.K.C. Austwick. Fungal Diseases of Animals. 2nd ed. Farnham Royal,Slough, United Kingdom: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau; 1973.Benenson, A.S., ed. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. 15th ed. An official reportof the American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.: American Public HealthAssociation; 1990.Bruner, D.W., J.H. Gillespie. Hagan’s Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals. 6th ed.Ithaca, New York: Comstock; 1973.Coles, F.B., A. Schuchat, J.R. Hibbs, et al. A multistate outbreak of sporotrichosis associatedwith sphagnum moss. Am J Epidemiol 136:475–487, 1992.Dunstan, R.W., K.A. Reimann, R.F. Langham. Feline sporotrichosis. Zoonosis update. JAm Vet Med Assoc 189:880–883, 1986.Franco, L., I. Gómez, A. Restrepo. Saperconazole in the treatment of systemic and subcutaneousmycoses. Int J Dermatol 31:725–729, 1992.Haqvi, S.H., P. Becherer, S. Gudipati. Ketoconazole treatment of a family with zoonoticsporotrichosis. Scand J Infect Dis 25:543–545, 1993.Larsson, C.E., M.A. Goncalves, V.C. Araujo, et al. Esporotricosis felina: aspectos clínicose zoonóticos. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 31:351–358, 1989.Lima, L.B., A.C. Pereira, Jr. Esprotricose-Inquerito epidemiológico. Importancia comodoença profissional. An Bras Dermatol 56:243–248, 1981.Lurie, H.I. Five unusual cases of sporotrichosis from South Africa showing lesions in muscles,bones, and viscera. Br J Surg 50:585–591, 1962.Mackinnon, J.E. Ecology and epidemiology of sporotrichosis. In: Pan American HealthOrganization. Proceedings: International Symposium on Mycoses. Washington, D.C.: PAHO;1970. (Scientific Publication 205).Mayorga, R., A. Cáceres, C. Toriello, G. Gutiérrez, O. Álvarez, M.E. Ramírez, et al.Investigación de una zona endémica de esporotricosis en la región de la laguna de Ayarza,Guatemala. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 87:20–34, 1979.Mitchell, T.G. Micosis subcutáneas. In: Joklik, W.K., H.P. Willet, D.B. Amos, eds. ZinsserMicrobiología. 17.ª ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 1983.Negroni, B. Micosis cutáneas y viscerales. 5.ª ed. Buenos Aires; López; 1972.Pluss, J.L., S.M. Opal. Pulmonary sporotrichosis: Review of treatment and outcome.Medicine 65:143–153, 1986.Reed, K.D., F.M. Moore, G.E. Geiger, M.E. Stemper. Zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis:Case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 16:384–387, 1993.