zoonoses and communicable diseases common to ... - PAHO/WHO

274 BACTERIOSESthus, intraperitoneal inoculation of young mice and examination of their blood 24 to72 hours after inoculation is advisable.Control: Control measures are difficult to apply and are impractical, since casesin the Western Hemisphere are rare and usually widely dispersed. The principal recommendationis to avoid being bitten by ticks living in caves, burrows of rodents andother animals, or primitive huts.Human dwellings should be built to keep out the hosts (rodents or others) ofOrnithodoros. In addition, the storage of wood inside or near buildings should beavoided. People entering natural foci should examine themselves for ticks periodically,in addition to using protective footwear and clothing. Repellents provide partialprotection; dimethyl phthalate is the most highly recommended.BibliographyBarbour, A.G. Antigenic variation of a relapsing fever Borrelia species. Ann Rev Microbiol44:155–171, 1990.Bruner, D.W., J.H. Gillespie. Hagan’s Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals. 6th ed.Ithaca: Comstock; 1973.Coates, J.B., B.C. Hoff, P.M. Hoff, eds. Preventive Medicine in World War II. Vol. VII:Communicable Diseases: Arthropod-borne Diseases other than Malaria. Washington, D.C.:Department of the Army; 1964.Felsenfeld, O. Borreliae, human relapsing fever, and parasite-vector-host relationships.Bact Rev 29:46–74, 1965.Francis, B.J., R.S. Thompson. Relapsing fever. In: Hoeprich, P.D., ed. Infectious Diseases.Hagerstown: Harper & Row; 1972.Geigy, R. Relapsing fevers. In: Weinmann, D., M. Ristic, eds. Vol 2: Infectious BloodDiseases of Man and Animals. New York: Academic Press; 1968.Harwood, K.F., M.T. James. Entomology in Human and Animal Health. 7th ed. New York:Macmillan; 1979.Jellison, W.J. The endemic relapsing fevers. In: Hubbert, W.T., W.F. McCulloch, P.R.Schnurrenberger, eds. Diseases Transmitted from Animals to Man. 6th ed. Springfield:Thomas; 1975.Kelly, R.T. Genus IV Borrelia. In: Krieg, N.R., J.G. Holt, eds. Vol 1: Bergey’s Manual ofSystematic Bacteriology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1984.Pan American Health Organization. Reported Cases of Notifiable Diseases in the Americas,1969. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 1972. (Scientific Publication 247).United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC). Outbreak of relapsing fever—Grand Canyon National Park,Arizona, 1990. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 40(18):296–297, 303, 1991.