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MYCETOMA 347Diagnosis: Microscopic examination of pus or material from curettage or biopsycan distinguish eumycetoma granules from actinomycetoma (nocardiosis) granules.The agent is identified through isolation in culture media such as Lowenstein-Jensenmedium for actinomycetoma granules and blood agar for eumycetoma granules.Sabouraud’s agar is used for subculturing with antimicrobial antibiotics. It is recommendedthat biopsy material, rather than material from the fistulae, be used toobtain the granules aseptically (Mahgoub, 1990). It is advisable to determine theagent’s sensitivity to different medications in order to ensure correct treatment.In a study conducted in Sudan, specific diagnosis was achieved for 78% of thespecimens by using histologic methods, and for 82% of the cases by immunodiffusion(Mahgoub, 1975). The choice of strains for serological testing is very important.Control: Humans can avoid becoming infected by wearing shoes.BibliographyBenenson, A.S., ed. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. 15th ed. An official reportof the American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.: American Public HealthAssociation; 1990.Brodey, R.S., H.F. Schryver, M.J. Deubler, W. Kaplan, L. Ajello. Mycetoma in a dog. J AmVet Med Assoc 151:442–451, 1967.Conant, N.F. Medical mycology. In: Dubos, R.J., J.G. Hirsch, eds. Bacterial and ClinicalMycology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1963.Conant, N.F. Medical mycology. In: Dubos, R.J., J.G. Hirsch, eds. Bacterial and MycoticInfections of Man. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1965.Develoux, M., J. Audoin, J. Tregner, et al. Mycetoma in the Republic of Niger: Clinical featuresand epidemiology. Am J Med Trop Hyg 38:386–390, 1988.Friedman, D., J.V. Schoster, J.P. Pickett, et al. Pseudallescheria boydii keratomycosis in ahorse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:616–618, 1989.Jang, S.S., J.A. Popp. Eumycotic mycetoma in a dog caused by Allescheria boydii. J AmVet Med Assoc 157:1071–1076, 1970.Mahgoub, E.S. Serologic diagnosis of mycetoma. In: Pan American Health Organization.Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Mycoses. Washington, D.C.: PAHO;1975. (Scientific Publication 304).Mahgoub, E.S. Agents of mycetoma. In: Mandell, G.L., R.G. Douglas, Jr., J.E. Bennett,eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill LivingstoneInc.; 1990.Manson-Bahr, P.E.C., F.I.C. Apted. Manson’s Tropical Diseases. 18th ed. London:Baillière-Tindall; 1982.McEntee, M. Eumycotic mycetoma: Review and report of a cutaneous lesion caused byPseudallescheria boydii in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1459–1461, 1987.Segretain, G., F. Mariar. Mycetoma. In:Warren, K.S., A.A.F. Mahmoud, eds. Tropical andGeographical Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1984.