zoonoses and communicable diseases common to ... - PAHO/WHO

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PROLOGUEZoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals continue tohave high incidence rates and to cause significant morbidity and mortality.Infections and parasitoses of cattle can reduce meat or milk production and can leadto the death or destruction of the animals, all of which diminishes the supply ofavailable food for man. These diseases are also an obstacle for international trade,as well as a serious financial drain for cattle farmers and, more broadly, for a community’sor a country’s economy, which can have wide repercussions for a society’shealth.With the aim of helping to solve these problems, the Pan American HealthOrganization (PAHO)—an international public health organization that has devoteditself to improving the health and living conditions of the people of the Americas fornearly one hundred years—established the Veterinary Public Health Program. TheProgram’s overall objective is to collaborate with PAHO’s Member Countries in thedevelopment, implementation, and evaluation of policies and programs that lead tofood safety and protection and to the prevention, control, or eradication of zoonoses,among them foot-and-mouth disease.To this end, PAHO’s Veterinary Public Health Program has two specializedregional centers: the Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center (PANAFTOSA),created in 1951 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the Pan American Institute for FoodProtection and Zoonoses (INPPAZ), established on November 15, 1991 in BuenosAires, Argentina. INPPAZ’s precursor was the Pan American Zoonoses Center(CEPANZO), which was created through an agreement with the Government ofArgentina to help the countries of the Americas combat zoonoses, and which operatedfrom 1956 until 1990.Since its creation in 1902, PAHO has participated in various technical cooperationactivities with the countries, among them those related to the surveillance, prevention,and control of zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man andanimals, which cause high morbidity, disability, and mortality in vulnerable humanpopulations. PAHO has also collaborated in the strengthening of preventive medicineand public health through the promotion of veterinary health education in learning,research, and health care centers. An example of this work is the preparation ofseveral publications, among which the two previous Spanish and English editions ofZoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals stand out.Scientific knowledge has progressed since the last edition. Also, the countries ofthe Americas have modified their livestock production strategies in recent years,which has affected the transmission of zoonotic infections and their distribution. Thepublication of this third edition is an attempt to address these changes. The third editionis presented in three volumes: the first contains bacterioses and mycoses; thesecond, chlamydioses, rickettsioses, and viroses; and the third, parasitoses.We believe that this new edition will continue to be useful for professors and studentsof public health, medicine, and veterinary medicine; workers in public healthand animal health institutions; and veterinarians, researchers, and others interestedin the subject. We also hope that this publication is a useful tool in the elaborationof national zoonosis control or eradication policies and programs, as well as in riskvii
viiiPROLOGUEevaluation and in the design of epidemiological surveillance systems for theprevention and timely control of emerging and reemerging zoonoses. In summary,we are confident that this book will contribute to the application of the knowledgeand resources of the veterinary sciences for the protection and improvement ofpublic health.GEORGE A.O. ALLEYNEDIRECTOR
Page 1 and 2: ZOONOSES AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASESC
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSPrologue . . . . . . . . .
Page 5: CONTENTSv7. Caprine and ovine bruce
Page 10 and 11: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONThe fi
Page 12 and 13: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONxiiiMr
Page 14 and 15: ACTINOMYCOSISICD-10 A42.9Synonyms:
Page 16 and 17: ACTINOMYCOSIS 5Infections and patho
Page 18 and 19: AEROMONIASIS 7shown that the clinic
Page 20 and 21: AEROMONIASIS 9congested area to ble
Page 22 and 23: AEROMONIASIS 11and depression. Desp
Page 24 and 25: AEROMONIASIS 13Angelini, N.M., G.N.
Page 26 and 27: ANIMAL ERYSIPELAS AND HUMAN ERYSIPE
Page 32 and 33: ANTHRAX 21Wood, R.L., R. Harrington
Page 34 and 35: ANTHRAX 23tive through culture and
Page 36 and 37: ANTHRAX 25Figure 2. Anthrax. Transm
Page 38 and 39: ANTHRAX 27reactions and the recomme
Page 40 and 41: BOTULISMICD-10 A05.1Synonyms: Allan
Page 42 and 43: 30 BACTERIOSESFigure 3. Botulism (t
Page 44 and 45: 32 BACTERIOSESFigure 4. Reported ca
Page 46 and 47: 34 BACTERIOSESan 18-week-old child.
Page 48 and 49: 36 BACTERIOSESOutbreaks with high d
Page 50 and 51: 38 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Clinical d
Page 52 and 53: 40 BACTERIOSESlogical study on 70 s
Page 54 and 55: 42 BACTERIOSESwere recorded in 1947
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44 BACTERIOSESthe disease can vary
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46 BACTERIOSESOnce an infected cow
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48 BACTERIOSESSeveral researchers h
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50 BACTERIOSESwhich is the reservoi
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52 BACTERIOSESFigure 5. Bovine bruc
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54 BACTERIOSESby rectal or preputia
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56 BACTERIOSESing the two-year foll
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58 BACTERIOSESThe complement fixati
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60 BACTERIOSESin various countries
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62 BACTERIOSESAs goats are generall
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64 BACTERIOSESCorbel, M.J., F.A. St
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66 BACTERIOSESPfischner, W.C.E., K.
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSISICD-10 A04.5 camp
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 69fever, abdomin
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 71The infection
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 73Occurrence in
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 75Figure 9. Camp
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 77BibliographyAn
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CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 79ganism belong
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CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 81BibliographyA
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CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 83from t
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CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 85lambs
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CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 87Pres
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CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 89Diag
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COLIBACILLOSIS 91Geographic Distrib
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COLIBACILLOSIS 93K99). Although F4
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COLIBACILLOSIS 95CATTLE: Calf diarr
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COLIBACILLOSIS 97In the case of dia
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CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 99Robins-Browne,
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CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 101Two different
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DERMATOPHILOSIS 103Corynebacterium
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104 BACTERIOSESlesions. Subsequentl
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106 BACTERIOSES1% alum dips. In chr
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108 BACTERIOSESThe mycobacteria tha
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110 BACTERIOSESBritish Columbia (Ca
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112 BACTERIOSESand M. fortuitum. St
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114 BACTERIOSESlish themselves in n
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116 BACTERIOSESGruft, H., J.O. Falk
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118 BACTERIOSESThere are various sc
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120 BACTERIOSESSource of Infection
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122 BACTERIOSES127:179-187, 1988. C
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 123tive w
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 125Althou
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 127Figure
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 129mates
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 131Farmer
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ENTEROCOLITIS DUE TO CLOSTRIDIUM DI
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Page 152 and 153:
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FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PAR
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FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PAR
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GLANDERSICD-10 A24.0Synonyms: Farcy
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144 BACTERIOSESFigure 11. Glanders.
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146 BACTERIOSESINFECTION CAUSED BY
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148 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: C. canimo
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150 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
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152 BACTERIOSEScutaneous lesions ar
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154 BACTERIOSESIt is difficult to d
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156 BACTERIOSESConvit, J., M.E. Pin
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158 BACTERIOSESthrough filters that
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160 BACTERIOSESCattle of all ages a
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162 BACTERIOSESFigure 12. Leptospir
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164 BACTERIOSESThe same diagnostic
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166 BACTERIOSESare the protective a
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168 BACTERIOSESSulzer, C.R., W.L. J
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170 BACTERIOSESserovars 4d and 4b o
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172 BACTERIOSESwhite nodules. Some
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174 BACTERIOSESbloodstream or place
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176 BACTERIOSESAt present, contamin
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178 BACTERIOSESMcLauchlin, J. Human
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180 BACTERIOSEStries of the former
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182 BACTERIOSESvae and nymphs found
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184 BACTERIOSESOliver, J.N., M.R. O
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MELIOIDOSIS 185bacteria that lives
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MELIOIDOSIS 187with the soil. In th
Page 206 and 207:
MELIOIDOSIS 189BibliographyAppassak
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NECROBACILLOSISICD-10 A48.8 other s
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192 BACTERIOSESstimulates prolifera
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194 BACTERIOSESgen) of B. nodosus i
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196 BACTERIOSEStoward remission. Th
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198 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Microscop
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200 BACTERIOSESsist of infected bit
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202 BACTERIOSESP. multocida is also
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204 BACTERIOSESby means of aerosols
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206 BACTERIOSESIrwin, M.R., S. McCo
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208 BACTERIOSESFrom 1958 to 1979, 4
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210 BACTERIOSESTable 2. Number of c
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212 BACTERIOSESBacteremia is presen
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214 BACTERIOSESvectors are characte
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216 BACTERIOSESwhich is very effect
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218 BACTERIOSESUnited States of Ame
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220 BACTERIOSESThe Disease in Anima
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222 BACTERIOSESFigure 16. Pseudotub
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224 BACTERIOSESMeats and other anim
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226 BACTERIOSESRAT-BITE FEVERICD-10
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228 BACTERIOSESincorrect. It is a s
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230 BACTERIOSESCases are more frequ
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232 BACTERIOSESmuch more accurate t
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234 BACTERIOSEShuman strains. Epide
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236 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
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238 BACTERIOSESture to normal. Sign
Page 258 and 259:
240 BACTERIOSESSalmonellosis is fre
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242 BACTERIOSESfecal matter can exp
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244 BACTERIOSESThe results of many
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246 BACTERIOSESPoehn, H.P. Salmonel
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248 BACTERIOSESdren aged 1 to 5 yea
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250 BACTERIOSESA live streptomycin-
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252 BACTERIOSESIn the US during the
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254 BACTERIOSESunsuccessful in isol
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256 BACTERIOSESBergdoll, M.S., C.R.
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258 BACTERIOSESgroup D. There are o
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260 BACTERIOSESmonia, and arthritis
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262 BACTERIOSESInfection caused by
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264 BACTERIOSESClifton-Hadley, F.A.
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TETANUSICD-10 A33 tetanus neonatoru
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TETANUS 267Table 4. Distribution of
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TETANUS 269toxigenic strains of C.
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TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 271Unite
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TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 273Figur
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TULAREMIA 275TULAREMIAICD-10 A21.0
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TULAREMIA 277rotic. In untreated ca
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TULAREMIA 279Figure 19. Tularemia.
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TULAREMIA 281Union, where tularemia
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 283ZOONOTIC T
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 285European c
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 287Persons wi
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 289Most cases
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 291ent in wil
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 293In South A
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 295and 101 an
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 297de Kantor,
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 299Schonfeld,
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ADIASPIROMYCOSISICD-10 B48.8Synonym
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ASPERGILLOSIS 305Mason, R.W., M. Ga
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ASPERGILLOSIS 307chitis, bronchiect
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ASPERGILLOSIS 309posing factors and
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BLASTOMYCOSIS 311BLASTOMYCOSISICD-1
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BLASTOMYCOSIS 313form lesions on ex
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CANDIDIASIS 315Klein, B.S., J.M. Ve
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CANDIDIASIS 317tion may occur in an
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CANDIDIASIS 319Control: Neonatal ca
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 321Colombia, Gua
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 323and kidneys.
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 325Borelli, D. P
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 327has grown worldwi
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 329formans,favoring
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 331Gordon, M.A. Curr
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 333M. canis. The pe
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 335Topical treatmen
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 337Diagnosis: Clini
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 339Sparkes, A.H., T.
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 341mediastinal nodes
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 343case in outbreaks
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MYCETOMA 345Sweany, H.C., ed. Histo
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MYCETOMA 347Diagnosis: Microscopic
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PROTOTHECOSIS 349organs affected. W
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RHINOSPORIDIOSIS 351The disease is
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SPOROTRICHOSIS 353(Coles et al., 19
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SPOROTRICHOSIS 355Diagnosis: Diagno
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ZYGOMYCOSIS 357Occurrence in Animal
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ZYGOMYCOSIS 359firmed severe necrog
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INDEXAAbortionbrucellosis, 43, 44-4
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INDEX 363whitmori (see Yersinia ent
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INDEX 365transmission, probable mod
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INDEX 367dermatonomous (see D. cong
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INDEX 369Exophiala jeanselmei, 345F
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INDEX 371brucellosis, 43, 45-47camp
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INDEX 373bovis, 107, 109, 111, 112,
Page 392 and 393:
INDEX 375listeriosis, 171, 173melio
Page 394 and 395:
INDEX 377sporotrichosis, 353strepto
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