zoonoses and communicable diseases common to ... - PAHO/WHO

More documents

Recommendations

Info

FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS 141with a darker green center. As a pre-enrichment medium, water with 1% peptone and3% salt can be used. Wagatsuma medium is used to determine whether the cultureis Kanagawa-positive or negative.Prevention: The main recommendation is to cook shellfish, crustaceans, and fishat a sufficiently high temperature (15 minutes at 70°C) to destroy V. parahaemolyticus,with particular attention to the volume of the seafood in order toachieve the appropriate temperature.However, the well-established custom in some countries of eating raw seafoodmakes it very difficult to enforce the recommendation to inactivate V. parahaemolyticusin fish, crustaceans, and mollusks by sufficiently cooking these foods.An experiment conducted to study the increase of hemolysin in comparison with thebacterial count reached the conclusion that the toxin appears when V. parahaemolyticusreaches the level of 10 6 per gram and continues to increase with multiplication ofthe microbe. At 35°C it reached 32 units of hemolysin per gram after 24 hours; at 25°Cit reached this level after 48 hours. Once formed, hemolysin is quite stable. Hemolysinshowed its maximum heat resistance at a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5. The Kanagawahemolysin in shrimp homogenate proved to be stable for 17 days when kept at 4°C; attemperatures between 115°C and 180°C, it took between 48.1 and 10.4 minutes forthermal inactivation as demonstrated in rats (Bradshaw et al., 1984).The results of this and other experiments indicate that from the outset it is necessaryto prevent the load of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood as much as possible. Acontra-indicated practice is washing fish or other seafood in contaminated estuarinewater. Cold storage is recommended as soon as possible after cooking. Table surfaceswhere these products are processed should be waterproof and must be completelycleaned with fresh water (without salt) as there may be cross contamination,particularly from salted foods.BibliographyBenenson, A.S., ed. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. 15th ed. An official reportof the American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.: American Public HealthAssociation; 1990.Bradshaw, J.G., D.B. Shah, A.J. Wehby, et al. Thermal inactivation of the Kanagawahemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in buffer and shrimp. J Food Sci 49:183–187, 1984.Chakrabarti, M.K., A.K. Sinha, T. Biswas. Adherence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to rabbitintestinal epithelial cells in vitro. FEMS Microbiol Lett 68:113–117, 1991.Doyle, M.P. Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Lancet 336(8723):1111–1115, 1990.Kelly, M.T., E.M. Stroh. Urease-positive, Kanagawa-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticusfrom patients and the environment in the Pacific Northwest. J Clin Microbiol 27:2820–2822, 1989.Klontz, K.C. Fatalities associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae non-O1 infections in Florida (1981 to 1988). South Med J 83:500–502, 1990.Magalhães, V., R.A. Lima, S. Tateno, M. Malgahães. Gastroenterites humanas associadas aVibrio parahaemolyticus no Recife, Brasil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 33:64–68, 1991a.Magalhães, M., V. Malgahães, M.G. Antas, S. Tateno. Isolation of urease-positive Vibrioparahaemolyticus from diarrheal patients in northeast Brasil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo33:263–265, 1991b.
142 BACTERIOSESNakasone, N., M. Iwanaga. Pili of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain as a possible colonizationfactor. Infect Immun 58:61–69, 1990.Nakasone, N., M. Iwanaga. The role of pili in colonization of the rabbit intestine by Vibrioparahaemolyticus Na2. Microbiol Immunol 36:123–130, 1992.Sautter, R.L., J.S. Taylor, J.D. Oliver, C. O’Donnell. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Kanagawanegative)wound infection in a hospital dietary employee. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 9:41–45, 1988.Shirai, H., H. Ito, T. Hirayama, et al. Molecular epidemiologic evidence for association ofthermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticuswith gastroenteritis. Infect Immun 58:3568–3573, 1990.Snydman, D.R., S.L. Gorbach. Bacterial food poisoning. In: Evans, A.S., P.S. Brachman,eds. Bacterial Infections of Humans. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co.; 1991.Spriggs, D.R., R.B. Sack. From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.Summary of the 25th United States-Japan Joint Conference on Cholera and Related DiarrhealDiseases. J Infect Dis 162:584–590, 1990.Twedt, R.M. Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In: Doyle, M., ed. Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens.New York: Marcel Dekker; 1989.United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for DiseaseControl and Prevention (CDC). Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne outbreak—Louisiana.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 27:345–346, 1978.Yoh, M., T. Miwatani, T. Honda. Comparison of Vibrio parahaemolyticus hemolysin(Vp-TRH) produced by environmental and clinical isolates. FEMS Microbiol Lett71:157–161, 1992.
Page 1 and 2:
ZOONOSES AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASESC
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTSPrologue . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
CONTENTSv7. Caprine and ovine bruce
Page 7:
viiiPROLOGUEevaluation and in the d
Page 10 and 11:
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONThe fi
Page 12 and 13:
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONxiiiMr
Page 14 and 15:
ACTINOMYCOSISICD-10 A42.9Synonyms:
Page 16 and 17:
ACTINOMYCOSIS 5Infections and patho
Page 18 and 19:
AEROMONIASIS 7shown that the clinic
Page 20 and 21:
AEROMONIASIS 9congested area to ble
Page 22 and 23:
AEROMONIASIS 11and depression. Desp
Page 24 and 25:
AEROMONIASIS 13Angelini, N.M., G.N.
Page 26 and 27:
ANIMAL ERYSIPELAS AND HUMAN ERYSIPE
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
ANTHRAX 21Wood, R.L., R. Harrington
Page 34 and 35:
ANTHRAX 23tive through culture and
Page 36 and 37:
ANTHRAX 25Figure 2. Anthrax. Transm
Page 38 and 39:
ANTHRAX 27reactions and the recomme
Page 40 and 41:
BOTULISMICD-10 A05.1Synonyms: Allan
Page 42 and 43:
30 BACTERIOSESFigure 3. Botulism (t
Page 44 and 45:
32 BACTERIOSESFigure 4. Reported ca
Page 46 and 47:
34 BACTERIOSESan 18-week-old child.
Page 48 and 49:
36 BACTERIOSESOutbreaks with high d
Page 50 and 51:
38 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Clinical d
Page 52 and 53:
40 BACTERIOSESlogical study on 70 s
Page 54 and 55:
42 BACTERIOSESwere recorded in 1947
Page 56 and 57:
44 BACTERIOSESthe disease can vary
Page 58 and 59:
46 BACTERIOSESOnce an infected cow
Page 60 and 61:
48 BACTERIOSESSeveral researchers h
Page 62 and 63:
50 BACTERIOSESwhich is the reservoi
Page 64 and 65:
52 BACTERIOSESFigure 5. Bovine bruc
Page 66 and 67:
54 BACTERIOSESby rectal or preputia
Page 68 and 69:
56 BACTERIOSESing the two-year foll
Page 70 and 71:
58 BACTERIOSESThe complement fixati
Page 72 and 73:
60 BACTERIOSESin various countries
Page 74 and 75:
62 BACTERIOSESAs goats are generall
Page 76 and 77:
64 BACTERIOSESCorbel, M.J., F.A. St
Page 78 and 79:
66 BACTERIOSESPfischner, W.C.E., K.
Page 80 and 81:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSISICD-10 A04.5 camp
Page 82 and 83:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 69fever, abdomin
Page 84 and 85:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 71The infection
Page 86 and 87:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 73Occurrence in
Page 88 and 89:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 75Figure 9. Camp
Page 90 and 91:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 77BibliographyAn
Page 92 and 93:
CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 79ganism belong
Page 94 and 95:
CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 81BibliographyA
Page 96 and 97:
CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 83from t
Page 98 and 99:
CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 85lambs
Page 100 and 101:
CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 87Pres
Page 102 and 103:
CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 89Diag
Page 104 and 105:
COLIBACILLOSIS 91Geographic Distrib
Page 106 and 107: COLIBACILLOSIS 93K99). Although F4
Page 108 and 109: COLIBACILLOSIS 95CATTLE: Calf diarr
Page 110 and 111: COLIBACILLOSIS 97In the case of dia
Page 112 and 113: CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 99Robins-Browne,
Page 114 and 115: CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 101Two different
Page 116 and 117: DERMATOPHILOSIS 103Corynebacterium
Page 118 and 119: 104 BACTERIOSESlesions. Subsequentl
Page 120 and 121: 106 BACTERIOSES1% alum dips. In chr
Page 122 and 123: 108 BACTERIOSESThe mycobacteria tha
Page 124 and 125: 110 BACTERIOSESBritish Columbia (Ca
Page 126 and 127: 112 BACTERIOSESand M. fortuitum. St
Page 128 and 129: 114 BACTERIOSESlish themselves in n
Page 130 and 131: 116 BACTERIOSESGruft, H., J.O. Falk
Page 132 and 133: 118 BACTERIOSESThere are various sc
Page 134 and 135: 120 BACTERIOSESSource of Infection
Page 136 and 137: 122 BACTERIOSES127:179-187, 1988. C
Page 138 and 139: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 123tive w
Page 140 and 141: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 125Althou
Page 142 and 143: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 127Figure
Page 144 and 145: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 129mates
Page 146 and 147: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 131Farmer
Page 148 and 149: ENTEROCOLITIS DUE TO CLOSTRIDIUM DI
Page 154 and 155: FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PAR
Page 158 and 159: GLANDERSICD-10 A24.0Synonyms: Farcy
Page 160 and 161: 144 BACTERIOSESFigure 11. Glanders.
Page 162 and 163: 146 BACTERIOSESINFECTION CAUSED BY
Page 164 and 165: 148 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: C. canimo
Page 166 and 167: 150 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
Page 168 and 169: 152 BACTERIOSEScutaneous lesions ar
Page 170 and 171: 154 BACTERIOSESIt is difficult to d
Page 172 and 173: 156 BACTERIOSESConvit, J., M.E. Pin
Page 174 and 175: 158 BACTERIOSESthrough filters that
Page 176 and 177: 160 BACTERIOSESCattle of all ages a
Page 178 and 179: 162 BACTERIOSESFigure 12. Leptospir
Page 180 and 181: 164 BACTERIOSESThe same diagnostic
Page 182 and 183: 166 BACTERIOSESare the protective a
Page 184 and 185: 168 BACTERIOSESSulzer, C.R., W.L. J
Page 186 and 187: 170 BACTERIOSESserovars 4d and 4b o
Page 188 and 189: 172 BACTERIOSESwhite nodules. Some
Page 190 and 191: 174 BACTERIOSESbloodstream or place
Page 192 and 193: 176 BACTERIOSESAt present, contamin
Page 194 and 195: 178 BACTERIOSESMcLauchlin, J. Human
Page 196 and 197: 180 BACTERIOSEStries of the former
Page 198 and 199: 182 BACTERIOSESvae and nymphs found
Page 200 and 201: 184 BACTERIOSESOliver, J.N., M.R. O
Page 202 and 203: MELIOIDOSIS 185bacteria that lives
Page 204 and 205: MELIOIDOSIS 187with the soil. In th
Page 206 and 207:
MELIOIDOSIS 189BibliographyAppassak
Page 208 and 209:
NECROBACILLOSISICD-10 A48.8 other s
Page 210 and 211:
192 BACTERIOSESstimulates prolifera
Page 212 and 213:
194 BACTERIOSESgen) of B. nodosus i
Page 214 and 215:
196 BACTERIOSEStoward remission. Th
Page 216 and 217:
198 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Microscop
Page 218 and 219:
200 BACTERIOSESsist of infected bit
Page 220 and 221:
202 BACTERIOSESP. multocida is also
Page 222 and 223:
204 BACTERIOSESby means of aerosols
Page 224 and 225:
206 BACTERIOSESIrwin, M.R., S. McCo
Page 226 and 227:
208 BACTERIOSESFrom 1958 to 1979, 4
Page 228 and 229:
210 BACTERIOSESTable 2. Number of c
Page 230 and 231:
212 BACTERIOSESBacteremia is presen
Page 232 and 233:
214 BACTERIOSESvectors are characte
Page 234 and 235:
216 BACTERIOSESwhich is very effect
Page 236 and 237:
218 BACTERIOSESUnited States of Ame
Page 238 and 239:
220 BACTERIOSESThe Disease in Anima
Page 240 and 241:
222 BACTERIOSESFigure 16. Pseudotub
Page 242 and 243:
224 BACTERIOSESMeats and other anim
Page 244 and 245:
226 BACTERIOSESRAT-BITE FEVERICD-10
Page 246 and 247:
228 BACTERIOSESincorrect. It is a s
Page 248 and 249:
230 BACTERIOSESCases are more frequ
Page 250 and 251:
232 BACTERIOSESmuch more accurate t
Page 252 and 253:
234 BACTERIOSEShuman strains. Epide
Page 254 and 255:
236 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
Page 256 and 257:
238 BACTERIOSESture to normal. Sign
Page 258 and 259:
240 BACTERIOSESSalmonellosis is fre
Page 260 and 261:
242 BACTERIOSESfecal matter can exp
Page 262 and 263:
244 BACTERIOSESThe results of many
Page 264 and 265:
246 BACTERIOSESPoehn, H.P. Salmonel
Page 266 and 267:
248 BACTERIOSESdren aged 1 to 5 yea
Page 268 and 269:
250 BACTERIOSESA live streptomycin-
Page 270 and 271:
252 BACTERIOSESIn the US during the
Page 272 and 273:
254 BACTERIOSESunsuccessful in isol
Page 274 and 275:
256 BACTERIOSESBergdoll, M.S., C.R.
Page 276 and 277:
258 BACTERIOSESgroup D. There are o
Page 278 and 279:
260 BACTERIOSESmonia, and arthritis
Page 280 and 281:
262 BACTERIOSESInfection caused by
Page 282 and 283:
264 BACTERIOSESClifton-Hadley, F.A.
Page 284 and 285:
TETANUSICD-10 A33 tetanus neonatoru
Page 286 and 287:
TETANUS 267Table 4. Distribution of
Page 288 and 289:
TETANUS 269toxigenic strains of C.
Page 290 and 291:
TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 271Unite
Page 292 and 293:
TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 273Figur
Page 294 and 295:
TULAREMIA 275TULAREMIAICD-10 A21.0
Page 296 and 297:
TULAREMIA 277rotic. In untreated ca
Page 298 and 299:
TULAREMIA 279Figure 19. Tularemia.
Page 300 and 301:
TULAREMIA 281Union, where tularemia
Page 302 and 303:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 283ZOONOTIC T
Page 304 and 305:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 285European c
Page 306 and 307:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 287Persons wi
Page 308 and 309:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 289Most cases
Page 310 and 311:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 291ent in wil
Page 312 and 313:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 293In South A
Page 314 and 315:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 295and 101 an
Page 316 and 317:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 297de Kantor,
Page 318 and 319:
ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 299Schonfeld,
Page 320 and 321:
ADIASPIROMYCOSISICD-10 B48.8Synonym
Page 322 and 323:
ASPERGILLOSIS 305Mason, R.W., M. Ga
Page 324 and 325:
ASPERGILLOSIS 307chitis, bronchiect
Page 326 and 327:
ASPERGILLOSIS 309posing factors and
Page 328 and 329:
BLASTOMYCOSIS 311BLASTOMYCOSISICD-1
Page 330 and 331:
BLASTOMYCOSIS 313form lesions on ex
Page 332 and 333:
CANDIDIASIS 315Klein, B.S., J.M. Ve
Page 334 and 335:
CANDIDIASIS 317tion may occur in an
Page 336 and 337:
CANDIDIASIS 319Control: Neonatal ca
Page 338 and 339:
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 321Colombia, Gua
Page 340 and 341:
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 323and kidneys.
Page 342 and 343:
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 325Borelli, D. P
Page 344 and 345:
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 327has grown worldwi
Page 346 and 347:
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 329formans,favoring
Page 348 and 349:
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 331Gordon, M.A. Curr
Page 350 and 351:
DERMATOPHYTOSIS 333M. canis. The pe
Page 352 and 353:
DERMATOPHYTOSIS 335Topical treatmen
Page 354 and 355:
DERMATOPHYTOSIS 337Diagnosis: Clini
Page 356 and 357:
HISTOPLASMOSIS 339Sparkes, A.H., T.
Page 358 and 359:
HISTOPLASMOSIS 341mediastinal nodes
Page 360 and 361:
HISTOPLASMOSIS 343case in outbreaks
Page 362 and 363:
MYCETOMA 345Sweany, H.C., ed. Histo
Page 364 and 365:
MYCETOMA 347Diagnosis: Microscopic
Page 366 and 367:
PROTOTHECOSIS 349organs affected. W
Page 368 and 369:
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS 351The disease is
Page 370 and 371:
SPOROTRICHOSIS 353(Coles et al., 19
Page 372 and 373:
SPOROTRICHOSIS 355Diagnosis: Diagno
Page 374 and 375:
ZYGOMYCOSIS 357Occurrence in Animal
Page 376 and 377:
ZYGOMYCOSIS 359firmed severe necrog
Page 378 and 379:
INDEXAAbortionbrucellosis, 43, 44-4
Page 380 and 381:
INDEX 363whitmori (see Yersinia ent
Page 382 and 383:
INDEX 365transmission, probable mod
Page 384 and 385:
INDEX 367dermatonomous (see D. cong
Page 386 and 387:
INDEX 369Exophiala jeanselmei, 345F
Page 388 and 389:
INDEX 371brucellosis, 43, 45-47camp
Page 390 and 391:
INDEX 373bovis, 107, 109, 111, 112,
Page 392 and 393:
INDEX 375listeriosis, 171, 173melio
Page 394 and 395:
INDEX 377sporotrichosis, 353strepto
show all

zoonoses and communicable diseases common to ... - PAHO/WHO

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?