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122 BACTERIOSES127:179–187, 1988. Cited in: Morris, J.G., Jr. Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae:A look at theepidemiology of an occasional pathogen. Epidemiol Rev 12:179–191, 1990.Twedt, R.M., J.M. Madden, J.M. Hunt, et al. Characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolatedfrom oysters. Appl Environ Microbiol 41:1475–1478, 1981.World Health Organization (WHO). Epidemic diarrhoea due to Vibrio cholerae non-O1.Wkly Epidemiol Rec 68(20):141–142, 1993.Zafarí, Y., S. Rahmanzadeh, A.Z. Zarifi, N. Fakhar. Diarrhoea caused by non-agglutinableVibrio cholerae (non-cholera Vibrio). Lancet 2:429–430, 1973. Cited in: Morris, J.G., Jr. Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae:A look at the epidemiology of an occasional pathogen. EpidemiolRev 12:179–191, 1990.
ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSISICD-10 A04.6 enteritis due to Yersinia enterocoliticaEtiology: Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is motileat 25°C and belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This species includes a veryheterogeneous group of bacteria that differ greatly in their biochemical properties.Currently, the biochemically atypical strains have been classified as seven differentadditional species: Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. mollaretii,Y. kristensenii, and Y. rohdei. These are generally environmental species, canbe confused with Y. enterocolitica, and at times cause some extraintestinal infections(Farmer and Kelly, 1991). The suggestion has been made to subdivide thespecies Y. enterocolitica into biotypes and serotypes. Biotyping is based on biochemicalcharacteristics, while serotyping is based on the O antigen. The species hasbeen subdivided into more than 50 serotypes, but only some have proven to be pathogenicfor man or animals. More recently, the use of ribotyping was suggested forserotype O:3, permitting the differentiation of four clones. Most O:3 isolates belongto clones I and II. These same ribotypes were isolated in Japan. Ribotype I wasisolated in Canada and ribotypes II and IV were isolated in Belgium (Blumberget al., 1991).A 40- to 50-megadalton plasmid is apparently responsible for the virulence of Y.enterocolitica. Strains with this plasmid are characterized by autoagglutination, calciumdependence (antigens V and W cause dependence on calcium for growth at37°C), and absorption of Congo red. There are also strains that do not contain theplasmid; these are pathogenic and generally negative to pyrazinamide, salicin, andaesculin (Riley and Toma, 1989). Several researchers have found inconsistenciesbetween virulence markers and disease. A study conducted in Santiago (Chile) on acohort of children up to 4 years of age isolated Y. enterocolitica from the feces of1.1% of children with diarrhea and from 0.2% of the controls. In a subgroup of thiscohort, 6% of the children with weekly fecal cultures were bacteriologically posi-
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ZOONOSES AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASESC
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CONTENTSPrologue . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTSv7. Caprine and ovine bruce
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viiiPROLOGUEevaluation and in the d
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONThe fi
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONxiiiMr
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ACTINOMYCOSISICD-10 A42.9Synonyms:
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ACTINOMYCOSIS 5Infections and patho
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AEROMONIASIS 7shown that the clinic
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AEROMONIASIS 9congested area to ble
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AEROMONIASIS 11and depression. Desp
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AEROMONIASIS 13Angelini, N.M., G.N.
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ANIMAL ERYSIPELAS AND HUMAN ERYSIPE
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ANTHRAX 21Wood, R.L., R. Harrington
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ANTHRAX 23tive through culture and
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ANTHRAX 25Figure 2. Anthrax. Transm
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ANTHRAX 27reactions and the recomme
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BOTULISMICD-10 A05.1Synonyms: Allan
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30 BACTERIOSESFigure 3. Botulism (t
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32 BACTERIOSESFigure 4. Reported ca
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34 BACTERIOSESan 18-week-old child.
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36 BACTERIOSESOutbreaks with high d
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38 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Clinical d
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40 BACTERIOSESlogical study on 70 s
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42 BACTERIOSESwere recorded in 1947
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44 BACTERIOSESthe disease can vary
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46 BACTERIOSESOnce an infected cow
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48 BACTERIOSESSeveral researchers h
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50 BACTERIOSESwhich is the reservoi
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52 BACTERIOSESFigure 5. Bovine bruc
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54 BACTERIOSESby rectal or preputia
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56 BACTERIOSESing the two-year foll
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58 BACTERIOSESThe complement fixati
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60 BACTERIOSESin various countries
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62 BACTERIOSESAs goats are generall
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64 BACTERIOSESCorbel, M.J., F.A. St
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66 BACTERIOSESPfischner, W.C.E., K.
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSISICD-10 A04.5 camp
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 69fever, abdomin
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CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 71The infection
Page 86 and 87: CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 73Occurrence in
Page 88 and 89: CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 75Figure 9. Camp
Page 90 and 91: CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 77BibliographyAn
Page 92 and 93: CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 79ganism belong
Page 94 and 95: CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 81BibliographyA
Page 96 and 97: CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 83from t
Page 98 and 99: CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 85lambs
Page 100 and 101: CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 87Pres
Page 102 and 103: CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 89Diag
Page 104 and 105: COLIBACILLOSIS 91Geographic Distrib
Page 106 and 107: COLIBACILLOSIS 93K99). Although F4
Page 108 and 109: COLIBACILLOSIS 95CATTLE: Calf diarr
Page 110 and 111: COLIBACILLOSIS 97In the case of dia
Page 112 and 113: CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 99Robins-Browne,
Page 114 and 115: CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 101Two different
Page 116 and 117: DERMATOPHILOSIS 103Corynebacterium
Page 118 and 119: 104 BACTERIOSESlesions. Subsequentl
Page 120 and 121: 106 BACTERIOSES1% alum dips. In chr
Page 122 and 123: 108 BACTERIOSESThe mycobacteria tha
Page 124 and 125: 110 BACTERIOSESBritish Columbia (Ca
Page 126 and 127: 112 BACTERIOSESand M. fortuitum. St
Page 128 and 129: 114 BACTERIOSESlish themselves in n
Page 130 and 131: 116 BACTERIOSESGruft, H., J.O. Falk
Page 132 and 133: 118 BACTERIOSESThere are various sc
Page 134 and 135: 120 BACTERIOSESSource of Infection
Page 138 and 139: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 123tive w
Page 140 and 141: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 125Althou
Page 142 and 143: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 127Figure
Page 144 and 145: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 129mates
Page 146 and 147: ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 131Farmer
Page 148 and 149: ENTEROCOLITIS DUE TO CLOSTRIDIUM DI
Page 154 and 155: FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PAR
Page 156 and 157: FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PAR
Page 158 and 159: GLANDERSICD-10 A24.0Synonyms: Farcy
Page 160 and 161: 144 BACTERIOSESFigure 11. Glanders.
Page 162 and 163: 146 BACTERIOSESINFECTION CAUSED BY
Page 164 and 165: 148 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: C. canimo
Page 166 and 167: 150 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
Page 168 and 169: 152 BACTERIOSEScutaneous lesions ar
Page 170 and 171: 154 BACTERIOSESIt is difficult to d
Page 172 and 173: 156 BACTERIOSESConvit, J., M.E. Pin
Page 174 and 175: 158 BACTERIOSESthrough filters that
Page 176 and 177: 160 BACTERIOSESCattle of all ages a
Page 178 and 179: 162 BACTERIOSESFigure 12. Leptospir
Page 180 and 181: 164 BACTERIOSESThe same diagnostic
Page 182 and 183: 166 BACTERIOSESare the protective a
Page 184 and 185: 168 BACTERIOSESSulzer, C.R., W.L. J
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170 BACTERIOSESserovars 4d and 4b o
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172 BACTERIOSESwhite nodules. Some
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174 BACTERIOSESbloodstream or place
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176 BACTERIOSESAt present, contamin
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178 BACTERIOSESMcLauchlin, J. Human
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180 BACTERIOSEStries of the former
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182 BACTERIOSESvae and nymphs found
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184 BACTERIOSESOliver, J.N., M.R. O
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MELIOIDOSIS 185bacteria that lives
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MELIOIDOSIS 187with the soil. In th
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MELIOIDOSIS 189BibliographyAppassak
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NECROBACILLOSISICD-10 A48.8 other s
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192 BACTERIOSESstimulates prolifera
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194 BACTERIOSESgen) of B. nodosus i
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196 BACTERIOSEStoward remission. Th
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198 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Microscop
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200 BACTERIOSESsist of infected bit
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202 BACTERIOSESP. multocida is also
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204 BACTERIOSESby means of aerosols
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206 BACTERIOSESIrwin, M.R., S. McCo
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208 BACTERIOSESFrom 1958 to 1979, 4
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210 BACTERIOSESTable 2. Number of c
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212 BACTERIOSESBacteremia is presen
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214 BACTERIOSESvectors are characte
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216 BACTERIOSESwhich is very effect
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218 BACTERIOSESUnited States of Ame
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220 BACTERIOSESThe Disease in Anima
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222 BACTERIOSESFigure 16. Pseudotub
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224 BACTERIOSESMeats and other anim
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226 BACTERIOSESRAT-BITE FEVERICD-10
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228 BACTERIOSESincorrect. It is a s
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230 BACTERIOSESCases are more frequ
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232 BACTERIOSESmuch more accurate t
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234 BACTERIOSEShuman strains. Epide
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236 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
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238 BACTERIOSESture to normal. Sign
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240 BACTERIOSESSalmonellosis is fre
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242 BACTERIOSESfecal matter can exp
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244 BACTERIOSESThe results of many
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246 BACTERIOSESPoehn, H.P. Salmonel
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248 BACTERIOSESdren aged 1 to 5 yea
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250 BACTERIOSESA live streptomycin-
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252 BACTERIOSESIn the US during the
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254 BACTERIOSESunsuccessful in isol
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256 BACTERIOSESBergdoll, M.S., C.R.
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258 BACTERIOSESgroup D. There are o
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260 BACTERIOSESmonia, and arthritis
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262 BACTERIOSESInfection caused by
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264 BACTERIOSESClifton-Hadley, F.A.
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TETANUSICD-10 A33 tetanus neonatoru
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TETANUS 267Table 4. Distribution of
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TETANUS 269toxigenic strains of C.
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TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 271Unite
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TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 273Figur
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TULAREMIA 275TULAREMIAICD-10 A21.0
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TULAREMIA 277rotic. In untreated ca
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TULAREMIA 279Figure 19. Tularemia.
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TULAREMIA 281Union, where tularemia
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 283ZOONOTIC T
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 285European c
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 287Persons wi
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 289Most cases
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 291ent in wil
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 293In South A
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 295and 101 an
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 297de Kantor,
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 299Schonfeld,
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ADIASPIROMYCOSISICD-10 B48.8Synonym
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ASPERGILLOSIS 305Mason, R.W., M. Ga
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ASPERGILLOSIS 307chitis, bronchiect
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ASPERGILLOSIS 309posing factors and
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BLASTOMYCOSIS 311BLASTOMYCOSISICD-1
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BLASTOMYCOSIS 313form lesions on ex
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CANDIDIASIS 315Klein, B.S., J.M. Ve
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CANDIDIASIS 317tion may occur in an
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CANDIDIASIS 319Control: Neonatal ca
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 321Colombia, Gua
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 323and kidneys.
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 325Borelli, D. P
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 327has grown worldwi
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 329formans,favoring
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 331Gordon, M.A. Curr
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 333M. canis. The pe
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 335Topical treatmen
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 337Diagnosis: Clini
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 339Sparkes, A.H., T.
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 341mediastinal nodes
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 343case in outbreaks
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MYCETOMA 345Sweany, H.C., ed. Histo
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MYCETOMA 347Diagnosis: Microscopic
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PROTOTHECOSIS 349organs affected. W
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RHINOSPORIDIOSIS 351The disease is
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SPOROTRICHOSIS 353(Coles et al., 19
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SPOROTRICHOSIS 355Diagnosis: Diagno
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ZYGOMYCOSIS 357Occurrence in Animal
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ZYGOMYCOSIS 359firmed severe necrog
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INDEXAAbortionbrucellosis, 43, 44-4
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INDEX 363whitmori (see Yersinia ent
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INDEX 365transmission, probable mod
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INDEX 367dermatonomous (see D. cong
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INDEX 369Exophiala jeanselmei, 345F
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INDEX 371brucellosis, 43, 45-47camp
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INDEX 373bovis, 107, 109, 111, 112,
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INDEX 375listeriosis, 171, 173melio
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INDEX 377sporotrichosis, 353strepto
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