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ANTHRAX 27reactions and the recommendation is thus to administer the vaccine in two doses inthis species, with a month between doses (administer one-fourth of the dose in thefirst month and the full dose the following month). Pregnant females of any speciesshould not be vaccinated unless they are at high risk of contracting anthrax.Antibiotics should not be administered a few days before or a few days after vaccination.In general, annual vaccination is sufficient; only in hyperenzootic areas isvaccination at shorter intervals recommended. Immunity is established in approximatelyone week in cattle, but takes longer in horses. In regions where anthraxoccurs sporadically, mass vaccination is not justified and should be limited toaffected herds. Rapid diagnosis, isolation, and treatment of sick animals with antibiotics(penicillin) are important.Autopsies should not be performed on animals that have died from anthrax. Anunopened carcass decomposes rapidly and the vegetative form of B. anthracis isdestroyed in a short time. To make the diagnosis, it is recommended that blood betaken from a peripheral vessel with a syringe and sent to the laboratory in a sterilecontainer. Dead animals should be destroyed where they lie as quickly as possible,preferably by incineration. The alternative is to bury them two meters deep andcover them with a layer of lime.In areas where these procedures are not possible, the dead animal should be leftintact so that it will start to decompose and, as much as possible, natural orifices andthe surrounding soil should be treated with 10% formol (25% formalin).Affected herds should be placed in quarantine, which should last until two weeksafter the last case is confirmed, with no animal or animal product allowed out.If anthrax is suspected at a slaughterhouse, all operations should be halted untilthe diagnosis is confirmed. If positive, all exposed carcasses should be destroyedand the premises carefully disinfected (with a 5% caustic lye solution for eighthours) before operations are resumed.BibliographyAbdenour D., B. Larouze, D. Dalichaouche, M. Aouati. Familial occurrence of anthrax inEastern Algeria [letter]. J Infect Dis 155:1083–1084, 1987.Brachman, P.S. Anthrax. In: Warren, K.S., A.A.F. Mahmoud, eds. Tropical andGeographical Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1984.Braderic N., V. Punda-Polic. Cutaneous anthrax due to penicillin-resistant Bacillusanthracis transmitted by an insect bite [letter]. Lancet 340:306–307, 1992.Ebedes, H. Anthrax epizootics in wildlife in the Etosha Park, South West Africa. In: Page,L.A., ed. Wildlife Diseases. New York: Plenum Press; 1976.Fragoso Uribe, R., H. Villicaña Fuentes. Antrax en dos comunidades de Zacatecas, México.Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 97:526–533, 1984.Harrison, L.H, J.W. Ezzel, T.G. Abshire, et al. Evaluation of serologic tests for diagnosis ofanthrax after an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Paraguay. J Infect Dis 160:706–710, 1989.Hunter, L., W. Corbett, C. Grinden. Anthrax. Zoonoses update. J Am Vet Med Assoc194:1028–1031, 1989.La Force, F.M. Informe a la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Haiti, 1978.Little, S.F., G.B. Knudson. Comparative efficacy of Bacillus anthracis live spore vaccineand protective antigen vaccine against anthrax in the guinea pig. Infect Immun 52:509–512, 1986.
28 BACTERIOSESMarshall, E. Sverdlovsk: Anthrax capital? [news and comments]. Science 240:383–385, 1988.Ngampochjana, M., W.B. Baze, A.L Chedester. Human anthrax [letter]. J Am Vet MedAssoc 195:167, 1989.Okolo, M.I. Studies on anthrax in food animals and persons occupationally exposed to thezoonoses in Eastern Nigeria. Int J Zoonoses 12:276–282, 1985.Okolo, M.I. Prevalence of anthrax in emergency slaughtered food animals in Nigeria. VetRec 122:636, 1988.World Health Organization. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Zoonoses. Third Report.Geneva: WHO; 1967. (Technical Report Series 378).Rey, J.L., M. Meyran, P. Saliou. Situation épidémiologique de charbon human en HauteVolta. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 75:249–257, 1982.Simaga, S.Y., E. Astorquiza, M. Thiero, R. Baylet. Un foyer de charbon humain et animaldans le cercle de Kati (République du Mali). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 73:23–28, 1980.Sirisanthana, T., M. Navachareon, P. Tharavichitkul, et al. Outbreak of oral-pharyngealanthrax: An unusual manifestation of human infection with Bacillus anthracis. Am J Trop MedHyg 33:144–150, 1984.Sirisanthana, T., K.E. Nelson, J.W. Ezzell, T.G. Abshire. Serological studies of patients withcutaneous and oral-orophangyngeal anthrax from northern Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg39:575–581, 1988.Sirol, J.,Y. Gendron, M. Condat. Le charbon humain en Afrique. Bull WHO 49:143–148, 1973.Sterne, M. Anthrax. In: Stableforth, A.W., I.A. Galloway, eds. Infectious Diseases ofAnimals. London: Butterworths; 1959.Turnbull, P.C., R.H. Bell, K. Saigawa, et al. Anthrax in wildlife in the Luangwa Valley,Zambia. Vet Rec 128:399–403, 1991.Turnbull, P.C., M.G. Broster, A. Carman, et al. Development of antibodies to protectiveantigen and lethal factor components of anthrax toxin in humans and guinea pigs and their relevanceto protective immunity. Infect Immun 52:356–363, 1986.Van Ness, G.B. Ecology of anthrax. Science 172:1303–1307, 1971.Wade, N. Death at Sverdlovsk: A critical diagnosis. Science 209:1501–1502, 1980.Whitford, H.W. Anthrax. In: Steele, J.H., H. Stoenner, W. Kaplan, M. Torten, eds. Vol I,Section A: CRC Handbook Series in Zoonoses. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1979.Wright, G.G. Anthrax. In: Hubbert, W.T., W.F. McCulloch, P.R. Schnurrenberger, eds.Diseases Transmitted from Animals to Man. 6th ed. Springfield: Thomas; 1975.
Page 1 and 2: ZOONOSES AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASESC
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSPrologue . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSv7. Caprine and ovine bruce
Page 7: viiiPROLOGUEevaluation and in the d
Page 10 and 11: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONThe fi
Page 12 and 13: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONxiiiMr
Page 14 and 15: ACTINOMYCOSISICD-10 A42.9Synonyms:
Page 16 and 17: ACTINOMYCOSIS 5Infections and patho
Page 18 and 19: AEROMONIASIS 7shown that the clinic
Page 20 and 21: AEROMONIASIS 9congested area to ble
Page 22 and 23: AEROMONIASIS 11and depression. Desp
Page 24 and 25: AEROMONIASIS 13Angelini, N.M., G.N.
Page 26 and 27: ANIMAL ERYSIPELAS AND HUMAN ERYSIPE
Page 32 and 33: ANTHRAX 21Wood, R.L., R. Harrington
Page 34 and 35: ANTHRAX 23tive through culture and
Page 36 and 37: ANTHRAX 25Figure 2. Anthrax. Transm
Page 40 and 41: BOTULISMICD-10 A05.1Synonyms: Allan
Page 42 and 43: 30 BACTERIOSESFigure 3. Botulism (t
Page 44 and 45: 32 BACTERIOSESFigure 4. Reported ca
Page 46 and 47: 34 BACTERIOSESan 18-week-old child.
Page 48 and 49: 36 BACTERIOSESOutbreaks with high d
Page 50 and 51: 38 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Clinical d
Page 52 and 53: 40 BACTERIOSESlogical study on 70 s
Page 54 and 55: 42 BACTERIOSESwere recorded in 1947
Page 56 and 57: 44 BACTERIOSESthe disease can vary
Page 58 and 59: 46 BACTERIOSESOnce an infected cow
Page 60 and 61: 48 BACTERIOSESSeveral researchers h
Page 62 and 63: 50 BACTERIOSESwhich is the reservoi
Page 64 and 65: 52 BACTERIOSESFigure 5. Bovine bruc
Page 66 and 67: 54 BACTERIOSESby rectal or preputia
Page 68 and 69: 56 BACTERIOSESing the two-year foll
Page 70 and 71: 58 BACTERIOSESThe complement fixati
Page 72 and 73: 60 BACTERIOSESin various countries
Page 74 and 75: 62 BACTERIOSESAs goats are generall
Page 76 and 77: 64 BACTERIOSESCorbel, M.J., F.A. St
Page 78 and 79: 66 BACTERIOSESPfischner, W.C.E., K.
Page 80 and 81: CAMPYLOBACTERIOSISICD-10 A04.5 camp
Page 82 and 83: CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 69fever, abdomin
Page 84 and 85: CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 71The infection
Page 86 and 87: CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 73Occurrence in
Page 88 and 89:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 75Figure 9. Camp
Page 90 and 91:
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 77BibliographyAn
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CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 79ganism belong
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CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE 81BibliographyA
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CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 83from t
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CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 85lambs
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CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 87Pres
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CLOSTRIDIAL WOUND INFECTIONS 89Diag
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COLIBACILLOSIS 91Geographic Distrib
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COLIBACILLOSIS 93K99). Although F4
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COLIBACILLOSIS 95CATTLE: Calf diarr
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COLIBACILLOSIS 97In the case of dia
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CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 99Robins-Browne,
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CORYNEBACTERIOSIS 101Two different
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DERMATOPHILOSIS 103Corynebacterium
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104 BACTERIOSESlesions. Subsequentl
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106 BACTERIOSES1% alum dips. In chr
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108 BACTERIOSESThe mycobacteria tha
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110 BACTERIOSESBritish Columbia (Ca
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112 BACTERIOSESand M. fortuitum. St
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114 BACTERIOSESlish themselves in n
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116 BACTERIOSESGruft, H., J.O. Falk
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118 BACTERIOSESThere are various sc
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120 BACTERIOSESSource of Infection
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122 BACTERIOSES127:179-187, 1988. C
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 123tive w
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 125Althou
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 127Figure
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 129mates
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ENTEROCOLITIC YERSINIOSIS 131Farmer
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ENTEROCOLITIS DUE TO CLOSTRIDIUM DI
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Page 152 and 153:
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FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PAR
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FOOD POISONING CAUSED BY VIBRIO PAR
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GLANDERSICD-10 A24.0Synonyms: Farcy
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144 BACTERIOSESFigure 11. Glanders.
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146 BACTERIOSESINFECTION CAUSED BY
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148 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: C. canimo
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150 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
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152 BACTERIOSEScutaneous lesions ar
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154 BACTERIOSESIt is difficult to d
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156 BACTERIOSESConvit, J., M.E. Pin
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158 BACTERIOSESthrough filters that
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160 BACTERIOSESCattle of all ages a
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162 BACTERIOSESFigure 12. Leptospir
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164 BACTERIOSESThe same diagnostic
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166 BACTERIOSESare the protective a
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168 BACTERIOSESSulzer, C.R., W.L. J
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170 BACTERIOSESserovars 4d and 4b o
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172 BACTERIOSESwhite nodules. Some
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174 BACTERIOSESbloodstream or place
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176 BACTERIOSESAt present, contamin
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178 BACTERIOSESMcLauchlin, J. Human
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180 BACTERIOSEStries of the former
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182 BACTERIOSESvae and nymphs found
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184 BACTERIOSESOliver, J.N., M.R. O
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MELIOIDOSIS 185bacteria that lives
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MELIOIDOSIS 187with the soil. In th
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MELIOIDOSIS 189BibliographyAppassak
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NECROBACILLOSISICD-10 A48.8 other s
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192 BACTERIOSESstimulates prolifera
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194 BACTERIOSESgen) of B. nodosus i
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196 BACTERIOSEStoward remission. Th
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198 BACTERIOSESDiagnosis: Microscop
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200 BACTERIOSESsist of infected bit
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202 BACTERIOSESP. multocida is also
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204 BACTERIOSESby means of aerosols
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206 BACTERIOSESIrwin, M.R., S. McCo
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208 BACTERIOSESFrom 1958 to 1979, 4
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210 BACTERIOSESTable 2. Number of c
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212 BACTERIOSESBacteremia is presen
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214 BACTERIOSESvectors are characte
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216 BACTERIOSESwhich is very effect
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218 BACTERIOSESUnited States of Ame
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220 BACTERIOSESThe Disease in Anima
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222 BACTERIOSESFigure 16. Pseudotub
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224 BACTERIOSESMeats and other anim
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226 BACTERIOSESRAT-BITE FEVERICD-10
Page 246 and 247:
228 BACTERIOSESincorrect. It is a s
Page 248 and 249:
230 BACTERIOSESCases are more frequ
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232 BACTERIOSESmuch more accurate t
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234 BACTERIOSEShuman strains. Epide
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236 BACTERIOSESOccurrence in Animal
Page 256 and 257:
238 BACTERIOSESture to normal. Sign
Page 258 and 259:
240 BACTERIOSESSalmonellosis is fre
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242 BACTERIOSESfecal matter can exp
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244 BACTERIOSESThe results of many
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246 BACTERIOSESPoehn, H.P. Salmonel
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248 BACTERIOSESdren aged 1 to 5 yea
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250 BACTERIOSESA live streptomycin-
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252 BACTERIOSESIn the US during the
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254 BACTERIOSESunsuccessful in isol
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256 BACTERIOSESBergdoll, M.S., C.R.
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258 BACTERIOSESgroup D. There are o
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260 BACTERIOSESmonia, and arthritis
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262 BACTERIOSESInfection caused by
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264 BACTERIOSESClifton-Hadley, F.A.
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TETANUSICD-10 A33 tetanus neonatoru
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TETANUS 267Table 4. Distribution of
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TETANUS 269toxigenic strains of C.
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TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 271Unite
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TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER 273Figur
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TULAREMIA 275TULAREMIAICD-10 A21.0
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TULAREMIA 277rotic. In untreated ca
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TULAREMIA 279Figure 19. Tularemia.
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TULAREMIA 281Union, where tularemia
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 283ZOONOTIC T
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 285European c
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 287Persons wi
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 289Most cases
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 291ent in wil
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 293In South A
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 295and 101 an
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 297de Kantor,
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ZOONOTIC TUBERCULOSIS 299Schonfeld,
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ADIASPIROMYCOSISICD-10 B48.8Synonym
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ASPERGILLOSIS 305Mason, R.W., M. Ga
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ASPERGILLOSIS 307chitis, bronchiect
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ASPERGILLOSIS 309posing factors and
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BLASTOMYCOSIS 311BLASTOMYCOSISICD-1
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BLASTOMYCOSIS 313form lesions on ex
Page 332 and 333:
CANDIDIASIS 315Klein, B.S., J.M. Ve
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CANDIDIASIS 317tion may occur in an
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CANDIDIASIS 319Control: Neonatal ca
Page 338 and 339:
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 321Colombia, Gua
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 323and kidneys.
Page 342 and 343:
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 325Borelli, D. P
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 327has grown worldwi
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 329formans,favoring
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS 331Gordon, M.A. Curr
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 333M. canis. The pe
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 335Topical treatmen
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DERMATOPHYTOSIS 337Diagnosis: Clini
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 339Sparkes, A.H., T.
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 341mediastinal nodes
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HISTOPLASMOSIS 343case in outbreaks
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MYCETOMA 345Sweany, H.C., ed. Histo
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MYCETOMA 347Diagnosis: Microscopic
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PROTOTHECOSIS 349organs affected. W
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RHINOSPORIDIOSIS 351The disease is
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SPOROTRICHOSIS 353(Coles et al., 19
Page 372 and 373:
SPOROTRICHOSIS 355Diagnosis: Diagno
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ZYGOMYCOSIS 357Occurrence in Animal
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ZYGOMYCOSIS 359firmed severe necrog
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INDEXAAbortionbrucellosis, 43, 44-4
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INDEX 363whitmori (see Yersinia ent
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INDEX 365transmission, probable mod
Page 384 and 385:
INDEX 367dermatonomous (see D. cong
Page 386 and 387:
INDEX 369Exophiala jeanselmei, 345F
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INDEX 371brucellosis, 43, 45-47camp
Page 390 and 391:
INDEX 373bovis, 107, 109, 111, 112,
Page 392 and 393:
INDEX 375listeriosis, 171, 173melio
Page 394 and 395:
INDEX 377sporotrichosis, 353strepto
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