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Notes1 United Nations, Prototype Global Sustainable Development Report (UN-DESA/DSD, 2014), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport/2014.2 UN General Assembly, The Future We Want: outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, resolution 66/288, annex,paragraph 85.k; UN General Assembly, resolution 67/290, paragraph 20.3Jeff Morris et al., Science policy considerations for responsible nanotechnology decisions (Nature Nanotechnology, 2011), 73-77.4 UNGA, Options for the scope and methodology for a global sustainable development report (Report of the Secretary-General, E/2014/87, June, 2014),http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2014/87&Lang=E5 Review of Targets for the Sustainable Development Goals – The Science Perspective, 2015, ICSU/ISSC report, 20156 UN General Assembly, resolution 69/214, paragraph 15.7 UN-DESA, Prototype Global Sustainable Development Report, 2014, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport/2014.8 UNGA, Options for the scope and methodology for a global sustainable development report (Report of the Secretary-General, E/2014/87, June, 2014),http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2014/87&Lang=E9 United Nations, Prototype Global Sustainable Development Report (UN-DESA/DSD, 2014), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport/2014.10 Scientific Advisory Board of the Secretary-General of the United Nations (2014), UN system priorities related to science for sustainable development, Backgroundpaper on items 4 and 5 of the SAB Terms of Reference, https://en.unesco.org/system/files/Background%20Paper%203.pdf11 Other functions of the HPF include: providing political leadership, guidance and recommendations for sustainable development; following up and reviewingprogress in the implementation of sustainable development commitments, including means of implementation; enhancing integration of the three dimensions ofsustainable development at all levels; promoting the sharing of best practices and experiences, enhance evidence-based decision-making at all levels; andcontributing to strengthening ongoing capacity-building for data collection and analysis in developing countries. See UN General Assembly resolution A/67/290.12 United Nations, “Assessments for Sustainable Development,” in Prototype Global Sustainable Development Report - (UN-DESA/DSD, 2014),https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport/2014.13 United Nations, Prototype Global Sustainable Development Report (New York: UN-DESA, Division for Sustainable Development, 2014); R. Kates et al.,(Sustainability science, Science, 2001), 292; R. Kates, What kind of a science is sustainability science? (PNAS, 2011), 108, 49.14 Paul Stock and Rob J.F. Burton. Defining terms for integrated (multi-inter-trans-disciplinary) sustainability research (Sustainability, 2011, vol. 3), 1090-1113.15 United Nations. UN system priorities related to science for sustainable development - Background paper on items 4 and 5 of the SAB Terms of Reference (ScientificAdvisory Board of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2014), 3.16 Paul Stock and Rob J.F. Burton, Defining terms for integrated (multi-inter-trans-disciplinary) sustainability research (Sustainability, 2011, vol. 3), 1090-1113.17 United Nations, UN system priorities related to science for sustainable development - Background paper on items 4 and 5 of the SAB Terms of Reference (ScientificAdvisory Board of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2014), 4.18 J. D. Young, A.D. Watt, S. van den Hove, and the SPIRAL project team. Effective interfaces between science, policy and society: the SPIRAL project handbook(SPIRAL, 2013), http://www.spiral-project.eu/sites/default/files/The-SPIRAL-handbook-website.pdf.19 K. Jacobs, Connecting Science, Policy, and Decision-making: A Handbook for Researchers and Science Agencies (NOAA Office of Global Programs, 2002).20 For example, the media played an important role in raising awareness of the acid rains problem in Europe. Please see: C. Barrier-Lynn. Scientifiques et acteursenvironnementaux, in Sociétés contemporaines (June, 1991), 145-179.21 For example, scientific associations (as those identified in the context of science and diplomacy) can be, at least in part, considered as political actors.22 D. Cash et al, Knowledge systems for sustainable development (PNAS, 2003), vol. 14, 8086-8091.23 23 J. D. Young, A.D. Watt, S. van den Hove, and the SPIRAL project team. Effective interfaces between science, policy and society: the SPIRAL project handbook(SPIRAL, 2013), http://www.spiral-project.eu/sites/default/files/The-SPIRAL-handbook-website.pdf.24 For more information on factors of success for SPI, the reader is invited to consult: P. Gluckman, The art of science advice to government (Nature, 2014), vol. 507,163-165; Existing guidelines on SPI, e.g. Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences. Scientific policy advice: recommendations of the Swiss Academies of Arts andSciences for researchers (Bern: 2011); European Academies Science Advisory Council (s.d.). EASAC guidelines: good practice in the dialogue between scienceacademies and policy communities; as well as: Jones, N., H. Jones and C. Walsh, Political science? Strengthening science-policy dialogue in developing countries,(London: ODI Working Paper No. 294, Overseas Development Institute, 2008); Treyer, S., R. Billé, L. Chabason, and A. Magnan, Powerful international science-policyinterfaces for sustainable development (IDDRI, 2012); European Commission, Assessing and strengthening the science and EU environment policy interface(Technical Report 2012-059, 2012); UNEP, Gap analysis for the purpose of facilitating the discussions on how to improve and strengthen the science-policy interfaceon biodiversity and ecosystem services (UNEP, 2009).25 D. Cash et al., Knowledge systems for sustainable development (PNAS, 2003), 14, 8086-8091; European Commission, Assessing and strengthening the science andEU environment policy interface (Technical Report, 2012). ; G. Glase and P. Bates, Enhancing science-policy links for global sustainability (International Council forScience (ICSU) for Stakeholder Forum, 2011); N. Jones, H. Jones and C. Walsh, Political science? Strengthening science-policy dialogue in developing countries(London: Overseas Development Institute, 2008); M. C. Nisbet and D. A. Scheufele, What’s next for science communication? Promising directions and lingeringdistractions (American Journal of Botany, 2009), 96, 10; J. Weichselgartner and, R. Kasperson, Barriers in the science-policy-practice interface: Toward a knowledgeaction-systemin global environmental change research (Global Environmental Change, 2010), 266-277.26 UNEP, Gap analysis for the purpose of facilitating the discussions on how to improve and strengthen the science-policy interface on biodiversity and ecosystemservices, (UNEP, 2009); UNEP, Policy issues: Overview of international assessment landscape considering elements of best practice – Overview of environmentalassessment landscape at global and regional levels (UNEP, 2009).27 Scientific Advisory Board of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Embedding up-to-date and rigorous science in high-level policy discussions within the UNsystem, Background paper on item 2 of the SAB’s Terms of Reference; UN system priorities related to science for sustainable development, Background paper onitems 4 and 5 of the SAB Terms of Reference; Towards a strengthened science-policy interface, Background paper on item 1 of the Terms of Reference of the SAB;Report of the inaugural meeting, 30-31 January 2014, Berlin, Germany (2014).28 For example, a range of issues relating to how to convey uncertainty and complexity to policy makers and the public at large are not discussed in this chapter. SeeA. Engels. The science-policy interface (Integrated Assessment Journal: Bridging science and policy, 2005), 5, 1, 7-26; European Commission. Assessing and173