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161 This point is added with the clear understanding that negotiations are still ongoing at the global policy level. The last meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-endedInformal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction, held inJanuary 2015, stressed the need for a comprehensive global regime to better address the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond areas ofnational jurisdiction and resulted in the recommendation to develop an international legally-binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Lawof the Sea (See also: A/69/780). Work is also undertaken to promote the entry into force and implementation of international instruments addressing a number ofissues related, generally, to genetic resources (e.g. Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising fromtheir Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity). In addition, discussions are ongoing with regard to the development of an international instrumentaddressing the intellectual property rights aspects of genetic resources. (See also: Secretary-General report A/69/71/Add.1).162 For more information, please see: http://www.worldoceanassessment.org/163 Annex II is available on the DESA-administered Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform under:https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport/2015.164 e.g. UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA); Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)165 Halpern et al. 2012, Elfes et al. 2013, Halpern et al. 2013166 For more information, please see: http://www.oceanhealthindex.org/167 Including National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Sea Around Us, Conservation International, National Geographic, and the New England Aquarium168 See examples in Table 3-1 Important Inter-linkages between oceans, seas, marine resources and human well-being169 Halpern et al., A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems, 2008.170 Halpern et al., A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems, 2008.171 McCauley et al., Marine defaunation: Animal loss in the global ocean, 2015.172 United Nations, TST Issues Brief: Oceans and Seas (United Nations Technical Support Team, 2013).173 Beck et al., Oyster Reefs at Risk and Recommendations for Conservation, Restoration and Management (Bioscience, 2011).174 IOC/UNESCO, IMO, FAO, UNDP, A Blueprint for Ocean and Coastal Sustainability, 2011.175 Rockström et al., Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries (Background Research Paper, 2013); Steffen et al., Planetary boundaries: Guiding humandevelopment on a changing planet, 2015.176 United Nations. World Population Prospects: the 2012 Revision (UNDESA, 2012).177 Neumann et al., Future Coastal Population Growth and Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Flooding – A Global Assessment (PLoS ONE, 2015).178 M. W. Beck, Coasts at Risk: An Assessment of Coastal Risks and the Role of Environmental Solutions (The Nature Conservancy and the Coastal Resources Center,2014).179 Huq et al., Reducing risks to cities from climate change; an environmental or a development agenda? (2007).180 The Brookings Institution, On the front line of climate change and displacement: Learning from and with Pacific Island Countries (London School of Economics2011).181 For more information, please see: http://www.unga-regular-process.org/content/view/18/20/index.html182 For more information, please see: http://www.worldoceanassessment.org/183 For more information, please see: http://www.worldoceanassessment.org/184 For more information, please see: http://www.worldoceanassessment.org/185 For more information, please see: http://www.worldoceanassessment.org/186 For more information, please see: http://www.worldoceanassessment.org/187 Annex II is available on the DESA-administered Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform under:https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport/2015.188 For more information, please see: http://www.unga-regular-process.org/content/view/18/20/index.html189 UNDESA, UN-DOALOS/OLA, IAEA, IMO, IOC-UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP, UNWTO, How oceans- and seas-related measures contribute to the economic, social andenvironmental dimensions of sustainable development: Local and regional experiences. Online publication, 2014.190 UNDESA, UN-DOALOS/OLA, IAEA, IMO, IOC-UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP, UNWTO, How oceans- and seas-related measures contribute to the economic, social andenvironmental dimensions of sustainable development: Local and regional experiences. Online publication, 2014.191 UNDESA, UN-DOALOS/OLA, IAEA, IMO, IOC-UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP, UNWTO, How oceans- and seas-related measures contribute to the economic, social andenvironmental dimensions of sustainable development: Local and regional experiences. Online publication, 2014.192 UNDP,Catalysing Ocean Finance (Volume II), 2013.193 UNDESA, UN-DOALOS/OLA, IAEA, IMO, IOC-UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP, UNWTO, How oceans- and seas-related measures contribute to the economic, social andenvironmental dimensions of sustainable development: Local and regional experiences. Online publication, 2014.194 Freed and Granek. Case study: Community-based Green Sea Turtle conservation in the Comoros, 2015.195 UNDESA, UN-DOALOS/OLA, IAEA, IMO, IOC-UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP, UNWTO, How oceans- and seas-related measures contribute to the economic, social andenvironmental dimensions of sustainable development: Local and regional experiences. Online publication, 2014.196 UNDESA, UN-DOALOS/OLA, IAEA, IMO, IOC-UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP, UNWTO, How oceans- and seas-related measures contribute to the economic, social andenvironmental dimensions of sustainable development: Local and regional experiences. Online publication, 2014.197 UNDP/GEF, Linking Conservation and Livelihoods in the Oracabessa Bay Fish Sanctuary, Jamaica (Project description, 2011).198 Annex II is available on the DESA-administered Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform under:https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/globalsdreport/2015.199 It consists of: (1) literature review, to identify potentially relevant social groups and socioeconomic variables that can be affected by the designation of MPAs orother types of marine management measures; (2) stakeholder surveys, to ascertain the perceptions on marine conservation by a range of representative marineand coastal organisations belonging to the previously identified groups, including the variables considered most relevant to those organisations for monitoring andassessing the socioeconomic effects of marine management measures; and (3) GIS-based geo-statistical analysis using a Multiple-Paired-Before-After-Control-Impact design (MPBACI), to assess the effects of an MPA or set of MPAs on the set of variables considered most important for the stakeholders. See for moreinformation: Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al. (under review). A methodological framework to monitor and assess the socioeconomic effects of marine protected areas.An English Channel case study. Environmental Science & Policy".200 See for example: A/RES/68/70, paragraph 184.178