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790 Oxfam. ICT in humanitarian practice. The DEWS/KoBo digital collection pilot. Brief, 2014.791 Johannes Hoogeveen et al., 'Collecting High Frequency Panel Data In Africa Using Mobile Phone Interviews', Canadian Journal Of Development Studies / RevueCanadienne D'études Du Développement 35, no. 1 (2014): 186-207, doi:10.1080/02255189.2014.876390.792 For more information see http://www.papor.org/files/2011/Presentations/Jana.pdf793 Ramesh Krishnamurthy et al., Application Of Pre-Programmed PDA Devices Equipped With GPS To Conduct Paperless Household Surveys In Rural Mozambique,AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2006; PMCID: PMC1839572 (American Medical Informatics Association, 2006), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1839572/.794 J. Lendorfer et al., Socio-economic impact of the crisis in north Mali on displaced people. (Unpublished paper, 2015).795 In this latter case, there is an initial face-to-face interview followed by SMS/cell-phone interviews. In the face-to-face interview, households/individuals withoutcell phones are provided with one for free, so that they can participate in the following surveys. This approach is being implemented in the project ‘Listening toAfrica’ (http://www.worldbank.org/en/data/statistical-capacity-building/statistics-for-results-facility-catalytic-fund/L2A-statistics-for-results-project); themethodology is explained in the final report of the project ‘Listening to LAC’ (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLACREGTOPPOVANA/Resources/840442-1355332251652/8976232-1355959000860/L2L-Final-Report.pdf).796 For more information see http://www.papor.org/files/2011/Presentations/Jana.pdf797 For more information see www.ureport.ug798 For more information see http://www.frontlinesms.com799 For more information see http://ushahidi.com800 For more information see www.rapidsms.org801 Clark C. Freifeld et al., 'Participatory Epidemiology: Use Of Mobile Phones For Community-Based Health Reporting', Plos Med 7, no. 12 (2010): e1000376,doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000376.802 Anna Scott, 'Open Data: How Mobile Phones Saved Bananas From Bacterial Wilt In Uganda', The Guardian, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/globaldevelopment-professionals-network/2015/feb/11/open-data-how-mobile-phones-saved-bananas-from-bacterial-wilt-in-uganda.803 Clark C. Freifeld et al., 'Participatory Epidemiology: Use Of Mobile Phones For Community-Based Health Reporting', Plos Med 7, no. 12 (2010): e1000376,doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000376.804 For more information see mdgs.un.org805 For household surveys, illiteracy may not be as large an impediment as for individual surveys. The reason is that younger generations are more literate and canenter the responses provided by the head of household.806 Johannes Hoogeveen et al., 'Collecting High Frequency Panel Data In Africa Using Mobile Phone Interviews', Canadian Journal Of Development Studies / RevueCanadienne D'études Du Développement 35, no. 1 (2014): 186-207, doi:10.1080/02255189.2014.876390.807 L. Chang and J. A. Krosnick, 'National Surveys Via Rdd Telephone Interviewing Versus The Internet: Comparing Sample Representativeness And ResponseQuality', Public Opinion Quarterly 73, no. 4 (2009): 641-678, doi:10.1093/poq/nfp075; Paul McDonald, Matt Mohebbi and Brett Slatkin, Comparing GoogleConsumer Surveys To Existing Probability And Non-Probability Based Internet Surveys (Google), accessed 15 June 2015,http://www.google.com/insights/consumersurveys/static/consumer_surveys_whitepaper_v2.pdf.808 Ramesh Krishnamurthy et al. Application of pre-programmed PDA devices equipped with GPS to conduct paperless household surveys in rural Mozambique.(AMIA Annu Symp Proc.2006). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1839572/809 For more information see www.mtrac.ug810 Rapidsms.org, 'Rapidsms: Nigeria Birth Registration', accessed 15 June 2015, https://www.rapidsms.org/projects/nigeria-birth-registration; Rapidsmsnigeria.org,'Birth Registration Dashboard - Rapidsms', accessed 15 June 2015, http://rapidsmsnigeria.org/br.811 For more information see http://www.mobilevrs.co.ug812 For more information see https://www.rapidsms.org/projects/edutrac/813 For more information see http://akvo.org/814 For more information see http://mwater.co/815 'Ebola Virus Disease In West Africa — The First 9 Months Of The Epidemic And Forward Projections', New England Journal Of Medicine 371, no. 16 (2014): 1481-1495, doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411100.816 Maria L. La Ganga, 'High-Tech Effort Calls Up Smartphones For Ebola Battle', Latimes.Com, accessed 15 June 2015, http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ebolatech-20141118-story.html.817 Pgafamilyfoundation.org, 'Enhancing Communication To Fight Ebola - PGA Foundations', accessed 15 June 2015,http://www.pgafamilyfoundation.org/news/news-articles/press-releases/enhancing-communication-to-fight-ebola.818 Data.hdx.rwlabs.org, 'Ebola Crisis Page - Humanitarian Data Exchange', accessed 15 June 2015, https://data.hdx.rwlabs.org/ebola.819 Jenny C Aker and Isaac M Mbiti, 'Mobile Phones And Economic Development In Africa', Journal Of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 3 (2010): 207-232,doi:10.1257/jep.24.3.207.820 Christopher Smith-Clarke, Afra Mashhadi and Licia Capra, Poverty On The Cheap: Estimating Poverty Maps Using Aggregated Mobile Communication Networks(ACM), accessed 15 June 2015, http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/l.capra/publications/chi14-chris.pdf; Christopher Smith, Afra Mashhadi and Licia Capra,Ubiquitous Sensing For Mapping Poverty In Developing Countries, accessed 12 June 2015, http://www.cities.io/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/d4d-chrissubmitted.pdf.821 F. Brckschen, R. Schmid and T. Zbiransky. Cookbook for a socio-demographic basket. Unpublished paper. 2014822 UN Global Pulse, Using Mobile Phone Data And Airtime Credit Purchases To Estimate Food Security (New York: UN World Food Programme (WFP), UniversitéCatholique de Louvain, Real Impact Analytics, Pulse Lab New York, 2015); Adeline Decuyper et al., Estimating Food Consumption And Poverty Indices With MobilePhone Data (ICTEAM institute, United Nations Global Pulse, Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping, Real Impact Analytics, 2015), http://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.2595.pdf;Adeline Decuyper et al., Estimating Food Consumption And Poverty Indices With Mobile Phone Data (ICTEAM institute, United Nations Global Pulse, VulnerabilityAnalysis and Mapping, Real Impact Analytics, 2015), http://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.2595.pdf.823 David Talbot, 'African Bus Routes Redrawn Using Cell-Phone Data | MIT Technology Review', MIT Technology Review, 2013,http://www.technologyreview.com/news/514211/african-bus-routes-redrawn-using-cell-phone-data.824 Unglobalpulse.org, 'Mapping Mobile Phone-Based Data Collection Projects (2011) | United Nations Global Pulse', accessed 15 June 2015,http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/inventory-mobile-phone-based-data-collection-projects.825 A. Wesolowski et al., 'Quantifying The Impact Of Human Mobility On Malaria', Science 338, no. 6104 (2012): 267-270, doi:10.1126/science.1223467.195