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Communication between scientists and policy-makers isone of the critical factors impacting the effectiveness ofSPIs. Scientific information is more likely to be used if it isdelivered in appropriate formats, at the right time andthrough the appropriate channels. SPI effectiveness is likelyto suffer when communication is largely one-way,infrequent or occurs only at certain stages of the policyprocess. Gaps in effective communication have beenidentified in the literature: i) between knowledge holdersinside science, across regions, scales, disciplines andassessments; ii) between science and traditional andpractical knowledge holders; iii) between science andpolicy; and iv) between science and society. Improvingcommunication and managing boundaries betweenscientists and decision-makers is therefore a critical issue. 25These gaps have to be assessed in the broader context ofthe interaction between science and the political process,as decisions by policy-makers on whether and when to usescientific knowledge may often be based on strategiccalculations, based on their specific priorities and interests.1.2. Possible roles of the HLPF for strengthening thescience-policy interface: opinions from scientistsand development expertsDecades of practice have resulted in a rich body ofknowledge on the science-policy interface, going from theanalysis of the roles it plays at various levels in society, tothe way it impacts decision-making, to the design ofeffective science-policy interface mechanisms. The range ofchallenges that have been identified is vast, and concerns arange of actors operating across all geographical levels.Among the important issues identified in the literature, notall are equally relevant to intergovernmental discussions onsustainable development.The GSDR team undertook a review of the literature onscience-policy interface at the international level. Thereview considered academic articles and policy-orienteddocuments, in particular extensive reviews produced byUNEP 26 and background papers prepared for the firstmeeting of the UN Secretary-General’s Scientific AdvisoryBoard. 27 Fifteen broad issues were highlighted aschallenges for the science-policy interface in this field. Theselection of issues was made based on the potentialrelevance of the HLPF to address them. 28 The GSDR teamalso considered ideas that had been expressed by UNMember States, UN organizations and other stakeholdersfor the preparation of the UN Secretary-General’s report on“Options for the scope and methodology for a globalsustainable development report” in 2014. 29 Thesubmissions received for that report included a number ofsuggestions on how the global sustainable developmentreport could support policy discussion at the high-levelpolitical forum in the future. 30 The main themes that ran30across the suggestions made were: the need to allow for awide range of participation and feature a wide range ofperspectives; capturing past and future trends; addressinginterlinkages, synergies and trade-offs among sustainabledevelopment areas; examining emerging issues; presentinggood practices in terms of integrated policies. Many ofthese themes suggest concrete ways in which the HLPFcould contribute to strengthening the science-policyinterface. 31Based on this review, an initial list of 20 ideas regardingconcrete ways for the HLPF to strengthen the science-policyinterface for development was constituted. A questionnairewas sent to a sample of scientists, developmentpractitioners and experts of the science-policy interface,asking them to classify the ideas identified in the first stagein terms of importance in the context of the mandate ofthe HLPF. Experts were also asked to provide additionalideas and provide more qualitative views, briefs or otherrelevant material. 32 Inputs were received from 19 individualexperts representing a broad range of professionalbackgrounds and expertise and several UN agencies. TheGSDR team, in collaboration with the International Councilfor Science (ICSU), also requested inputs from national levelscientists and science advisors, based on a shortquestionnaire addressing various aspects of the linkagesbetween the international and national levels of sciencepolicyinterface for sustainable development. 33 Inputs werereceived from 15 national level advisors. Insights from sucha small sample are not necessarily representative of theviews of all science or development practitioners’communities. Rather, they provide a range of concretesuggestions for the HLPF going forward, while alsoshedding light on the diversity of views that exists.Expert quotes (2)“There is a lot of work going on, however, it is not coherent orsystematic and there is no guidance or distillation process tomake sense of it or to form the direction of priority.”“The focus ought to be not just advice from the UN but alsolooking at what the global community (UN) has a comparativeadvantage in offering. I believe it is, first and foremost, twothings: 1. the identification and inclusion of broaderperspectives so as to avoid the sustainability discussion gettingclogged in solely “northern” points of view; and 2. the ability togenerate and sustain a consistent level of interface betweeninternational science and “local” national needs and policy.The latter is an oft-lost opportunity, even though it is in themandate of many agencies.”In their contributions, experts brought forth importantnuances and suggestions regarding possible roles for the
HLPF to strengthen the science-policy interface. One expertsummarized his vision for the role of the HLPF as to“provide scientific and empirical evidence to helpinternational and national policy makers and donorsformulate policies and strategies for achieving sustainabledevelopment.”Possible roles that the HLPF could play in strengthening thescience-policy interface can be clustered into three clustersthat span the space between science and policy. A firstgroup of actions relates to the provision of policy-relevantdata, analysis and information. A second cluster relates toactions that the HLPF could take to support enhanceddialogue between science and policy. A third cluster ofroles relates to the translation of the science-policydialogue into policy. Figure 1-1 shows the various actions inthe three clusters. All the ideas included in Figure 1-1 wereranked as important by the majority of experts whocontributed to the chapter.Figure 1-1. Possible roles for the HLPF for strengthening the science-policy interface: opinions of experts who contributedto the GSDR31
Page 1 and 2: GLOBAL SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 3: ForewordIn September 2015, world le
Page 6 and 7: 3.1. Interlinked issues: oceans, se
Page 8 and 9: 7.2.1. Open call for inputs to the
Page 10 and 11: Box 5-10. Operationalizing inclusiv
Page 12 and 13: Figure 8-8. Location of ambulance u
Page 14 and 15: Hentinnen (DFID); Annabelle Moatty
Page 16 and 17: Friendship University of Russia, Ru
Page 18 and 19: List of Abbreviations and AcronymsA
Page 20 and 21: IRENAIRIISEALISSCITCITU-TIUCNIUUIWM
Page 22 and 23: USAIDVPoAVSSWBGUWCDRRWEFWFPWMOWTOWW
Page 24 and 25: Figure ES-0-1. Possible roles for t
Page 26 and 27: Figure ES-0-2. Links among SDGs thr
Page 28 and 29: increase either the availability or
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 1.The Science Policy Interf
Page 32 and 33: Complex relationship between scienc
Page 36 and 37: 1.2.1. Highlighting trends and prov
Page 38 and 39: International, Marine Stewardship C
Page 40 and 41: limited. There is a relative dearth
Page 42 and 43: educe the time lag between science
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2. Integrated Perspectives
Page 46 and 47: 2.1.4. Recommendations by the Inter
Page 48 and 49: ultimate idea is systems design - t
Page 50 and 51: 2.2. Integrated SDG perspectives in
Page 52 and 53: Hunger andagriculturePovertyWorld B
Page 54 and 55: IIASA-GEAPBLSEIOECDRITE-ALPSFEEMGSG
Page 56 and 57: Table 2-4. Number of models capturi
Page 58 and 59: In order for oceans, seas and marin
Page 60 and 61: fully integrated scientific assessm
Page 62 and 63: While some efforts are undertaken t
Page 64 and 65: Table 3-3. Impact of important clas
Page 66 and 67: Marine pollution from marine and la
Page 68 and 69: While the scientific coverage of th
Page 70 and 71: managementinitiative in BancoChinch
Page 72 and 73: equired, with natural and social sc
Page 74 and 75: Table 4-1. SDGs and DRR linkagesSDG
Page 76 and 77: poverty forces low-income household
Page 78 and 79: Figure 4-1. Economic losses relativ
Page 80 and 81: OECD countries and, if they are ava
Page 82 and 83: 4.3.4. Baseline setting and assessi
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Using assessed levels of risk as ba
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Table 4-3. Disaster management cycl
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New sensor data also includes unman
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Chapter 5. Economic Growth, Inclusi
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Table 5-1. Industrial policy waves
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Figure 5-3. Number of Y02 patents p
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increasingly production specific an
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5.3. Industrialisation and social s
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education will either make it hard
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Table 5-3. UNEP’s five key types
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5.6. Concluding remarksThe precedin
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occurs despite the lower share of e
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LLDCs face several development chal
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technology-innovation (STI) policie
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6.2.3. Relevant publications for LD
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- A patent bank would help LDCs sec
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In comparison to the Almaty Program
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Box 6-6. ASYCUDA and Landlocked Cou
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6.4.5. The landscape of SIDS relate
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Table 6-2. Example of science-polic
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Figure 6-9. Data availability for i
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Review Focusing on the Least Develo
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Table 6-5. Coverage of SDGs in publ
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- SYLWESTER, Kevin. Foreign direct
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SIDS:- UNCTAD. Improving transit tr
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Chapter 7.Science Issues for the At
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7.2.1. Open call for inputs to the
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implementation (SDG17), peaceful an
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percentage of women holding a leade
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environment, in order to make stron
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technology transfer. Respect for ea
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Figure 7-5. Concentrations of plast
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SDGs What is measured? Data source
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UN SystementityECLAC Drafted and re
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Figure 7-6 shows very wide ranges f
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Table 7-8. Factors that promoted or
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Chapter 8. New Data Approaches for
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These novel Internet- and SMS-based
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GabonNamibiaNigerSenegalRep CongoC
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Figure 8-5. Poverty map for Guinea,
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Figure 8-9. Map of internet connect
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Box 8-11. A geographical approach t
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There are many well established met
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epidemics. Some African countries a
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Figure 8-13. Data innovations cover
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issues” in respective areas of ex
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Notes1 United Nations, Prototype Gl
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51 Contributions sent by national l
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112 The 72 models are: AIM, ASF, AS
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201 For more information, please vi
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276 A. R. Subbiah, Lolita Bildan, a
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354 Information available at: http:
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African Economic Outlook, Structura
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512 Report Of The International Min
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595 Jessica N. Reimer et.al, Health
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671 Pulselabkampala.ug, 'UNFPA Ugan
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732 Climate Change timeline: (a) Sc
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790 Oxfam. ICT in humanitarian prac
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863 T. Dinku. New approaches to imp
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