131214840-Carl-Schmitt

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Irrationalist Theories of the Direct Use of Force
It should be reiterated here that this examination directs its interest consistently toward the
ideal circumstances of political and state philosophical tendencies, in order to understand the
moral predicament of contemporary parliamentarism and the strength of the parliamentary
idea. Even if the Marxist dictatorship of the proletariat still retains the possibility of the
rationalist dictatorship, all modern theories of direct action and the use of force rest more or
less consciously on an irrationalist philosophy. In reality, as happened in the Bolshevist
regime, it appears that in political life many different movements and tendencies can be at
work alongside each other. Although the Bolshevist government repressed the anarchists for
political reasons, the complex to which the Bolshevist argument actually belongs contains an
explicitly anarcho-syndicalist chain of thought. The Bolshevists' use of their political power
to destroy the anarchists eradicates their shared intellectual history just as little as the
repression of the Levellers by Cromwell destroyed his connection to them. 1 Perhaps
Marxism has arisen so unrestrainedly on Russian soil because proletarian thought there had
been utterly free of all the constrictions of Western European
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