131214840-Carl-Schmitt

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Page 92 Press in 1934. Schmitt refers to the chapter "On the Characteristics of Supreme Sovereignty" and the following passage: "But in aristocracies and democracies, where there are some who command and some who obey, and when therefore the latter can secure some fights from the promises and pacts of the former, there is clearly to be seen a difference between absolute and limited sovereignty" (vol. 2, p, 1065). —tr.] 41. [Tr.] See note 13, above. 42. [Tr.] Article 125 of the Weimar constitution stated: "The freedom and the secrecy of the ballot are guaranteed." Reich and Länder legislation defined this provision further. See Gerhard Anschütz, Die Verfassung des deutschen Reichs vom 11 August 1919 (Berlin: Stilke Verlag, 1928), 332–333. 43. [Tr.] Schmitt quotes from the second sentence of the Weimar constitution; see Anschütz, Die Verfassung des deutschen Reichs, 36ff., on the meaning of the sentence "All state power comes from the people." Introduction to the First Edition (1923) 1. [Tr.] On the political theory of the counterrevolution in Carl Schmitt's thought see the chapter "Zur Staatsphilosophie der Gegenrevolution (de Maistre, Bonald, Donoso- Cortes)," in Politische Theologie (Munich & Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1922), 67– 84, and Carl Schmitt, Donoso Cortés in gesamteuropäischer Interpretation: Vier Aufsätze (Cologne: Greven Verlag, 1950). 2. [Tr.] Atti parlamentari della Camera dei Deputati, November 26, 1922. 3. [Tr.] H. Berthélemy, Traité élémentaire de droit administratif (Paris: Rousseau, 1923, 10th edition). 4. Of the many German publications on this subject only a few shall be named: M. J. Bonn, Die Auflösung des modernen Staats (Berlin, 1921), and Die Krisis der europäischen Demokratie (Tübingen, 1925); K. Beyerle, Parlamentarisches System— oder was sonst? (Munich, 1921); Carl Landauer, "Sozialismus und parlamentarisches System," Archiv für Sozialwissenshaft und Sozialpolitik 48 (1922), and "Die Wege zur Eroberung des demokratischen Staats durch die Wirtschaftsleiter," in [M. Palyi, ed.,] Erinnerungsgabe für Max Weber (1922), vol. 2, and "Die Ideologic des Wirtschaftsparlamentarismus," in [Bonn and Palyi, eds.,] Festgabe für L. Brentano (1925), vol. 1, 153ff.; R. Thoma, "Der Begriff der modernen Demokratie in seinem Verhältnis zum Staatsbegriff," in [Palyi, ed.,] Erinnerungsgabe für Max Weber (1922), vol. 2 [cf. Carl Schmitt, Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, 51 (1924)], and "Zur Ideologie des Parlamentarismus und der Diktatur,'' Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, 53 (1925); Heinz Marr, "Klasse und Partei in der modernen Demokratie," in Frankfurter gelehrte Reden und Abhandlungen (1925) [cf. E. Rosenbaum, Hamburgerischen Wirtschaftsdienst, February 26, 1926]; Karl Löwenstein, Minderheitsregierung in Grossbritannien (Munich, 1925); Hermann Port, "Zweiparteiensystem und Zentrum," Create PDF with PDF4U. If you wish to remove this line, please click here to purchase the full version
Page 93 Hochland (July 1925); W. Lambach, Die Herrschaft der 500 (Hamburg, 1926); Ernst Müller-Meiningen, Parlamentarismus (Berlin, 1926). On the perspective of Oswald Spengler, see the summary and overview by Otto Koellreutter, Die Staatslehre Oswald Spenglers (Jena, 1924). From the extensive literature on the "corporations" (berufsständischen) problem see Heinrich Herrfahrdt, Das Problem der berufsständischen Vertretung (Berlin, 1921), and Edgar Tatarin-Tarnheyden, "Kopfzahldemokratie: Organishe Demokratie und Oberhausproblem," Zeitschrift für Politik, 15 (1926), 97ff.; Heinz Brauweiler, Berufsstand und Staat (Berlin, 1925), and his "Parlamentarismus and berufsständische Politik," Preussische Jahrbücher, 202 (1925), and the critical discussion by Carl Landauer noted above. On the particular difficulties of parliament in relation to the modern economy, see Heinrich Göppert, Staat und Wirtschaft (Tübingen, 1924). 5. [Tr.] Schmitt's reference is not specific. Cf. Jacob Burckhardt, Briefe, ed. Max Burckhardt (Basel: Schwabe & Co., Verlag, 1949–63), 5 vols. 6. [Tr.] Moisei Ostrogorski, La Démocratie et l'organisation de partis politique (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1903); Seymour Martin Lipset, ed., Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1982). Hillaire Belloc and Cecil Chesterton, The Party System (London: Stephen Swift, 1911); Robert Michels, Soziologie des Parteiwesens (Leipzig: Alfred Kröner Verlag, 1926), and Political Parties (New York: Free Press, 1962). 1— Democracy and Parliamentarism 1. [Tr.] On German political thought in the last century, see James J. Sheehan, German Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century (London: Methuen, 1982), and Heinrich A. Winkler, Preussischer Liberalismus und deutscher Nationalstaat (Tübingen: Mohr, 1964). A fierce controversy was set off in 1980–1981 by Geoffrey Eley and David Blackbourne, Mythen deutscher Geschichtsschreibung (Berlin: Ullstein, 1980). Blackbourne and Eley attacked the thesis of a German Sonderweg: that while all other European countries (especially England) had become more democratic in the course of the nineteenth century, Germany took a "special route" to modernity—a modern industry but a feudal state and political system. While the authors' intention was at least partly to criticize the supposed genius of English political development, which some German historians hold up as a standard by which German historical development should be measured, the Blackbourne-Eley thesis echoes Carl Schmitt. They, like Schmitt, have discovered an identity between "democracy" and "liberalism" in nineteenth-century political thought, which they are unwilling (on supposedly different grounds) to admit. Winkler, whom they charge with equating the advance of the bourgeoisie and the development of democratic forms, has rightly answered: "None of the German historians criticized by Blackbourne and Eley would have thought to blur the distinction between 'liberals' and 'democrats.' " Winkler, ''Der deutsche Sonderweg: Eine Nachlese," Merkur, 8 (1981), 793–804. Cf. Winkler's careful distinction of political currents in nineteenthcentury German political thought and politics in his Preussischer Liberalismus, 22ff. and 93. 2. [Tr.] Ranke "feared the democratic and revolutionary tendencies within the nationalist Create PDF with PDF4U. If you wish to remove this line, please click here to purchase the full version
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Page ii Studies in Contemporary Ger
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Page iv Sixth printing, 2000 First
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Page vi 3 Dictatorship in Marxist T
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Page viii a number of reasons. Firs
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Page x the one by Schmitt translate
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most cogently set out by Locke, Ben
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Page xx Just how radical Carl Schmi
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Page xxiv The Debate On Parliamenta
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and Australian immigration law, 9 c
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logical character of, 43, 46 method
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traditionalism in, 73 Create PDF wi
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