131214840-Carl-Schmitt

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Page 7 of public opinion is today very large. 17 One may therefore assume as well known today that it is no longer a question of persuading one's opponent of the truth or justice of an opinion but rather of winning a majority in order to govern with it. What Cavour identified as the great distinction between absolutism and constitutional regimes, that in an absolute regime a minister gives orders, whereas in a constitutional one he persuades all those who should obey, must today be meaningless. Cavour says explicitly: I (as constitutional minister) persuade that I am right, and it is only in this connection that his famous saying is meant: "The worst chamber is still preferable to the best antechamber." 18 Today parliament itself appears a gigantic antechamber in front of the bureaus or committees of invisible rulers. It is like a satire if one quotes Bentham today: "In Parliament ideas meet, and contact between ideas gives off sparks and leads to evidence." 19 Who still remembers the time when Prévost- Paradol saw the value of parliamentarism over the "personal regime" of Napoléon III in that through the transfer of real power it forced the true holders of power to reveal themselves, so that government, as a result of this, always represents the strongest power in a "wonderful'' coordination of appearance and reality? 20 Who still believes in this kind of openness? And in parliament as its greatest "platform"? The arguments of Burke, Bentham, Guizot, and John Stuart Mill are thus antiquated today. The numerous definitions of parliamentarism which one still finds today in Anglo-Saxon and French writings and which are apparently little known in Germany, definitions in which parliamentarism appears as essentially "government by discussion," 21 must accordingly also count as moldy. Never mind. If someone still believes in parliamentarism, he will at least have to offer new arguments for it. A reference to Friedrich Naumann, Hugo Preuss, and Max Weber is no longer sufficient. With all respect for these men, no one today would share their hope that parliament alone guarantees the education of a political elite. Such convictions have in fact been shaken and they can only remain standing today as an idealistic belief Create PDF with PDF4U. If you wish to remove this line, please click here to purchase the full version
Page 8 so long as they can bind themselves to belief in discussion and openness. What has been advanced during the last decades as new justifications for parliamentarism still only asserts that in our time parliament functions well or at least tolerably as a useful, even an indispensable, instrument of social and political technique. This is, just to affirm it once again, a completely plausible kind of observation. But one still has to take an interest in the deeper foundations of something Montesquieu called the principle of a state or governmental form, in the specific conviction that belongs to this as to every great institution, in the belief in parliament which once actually existed and which one no longer finds today. In the history of political ideas, there are epochs of great energy and times becalmed, times of motionless status quo. Thus the epoch of monarchy is at an end when a sense of the principle of kingship, of honor, has been lost, if bourgeois kings appear who seek to prove their usefulness and utility instead of their devotion and honor. 22 The external apparatus of monarchical institutions can remain standing very much longer after that. But in spite of it monarchy's hour has tolled. The convictions inherent in this and no other institution then appear antiquated; practical justifications for it will not be lacking, but it is only an empirical question whether men or organizations come forward who can prove themselves just as useful or even more so than these kings and through this simple fact brush aside monarchy. The same holds true of the "social-technical" justifications for parliament. If parliament should change from an institution of evident truth into a simply practical-technical means, then it only has to be shown via facta, through some kind of experience, not even necessarily through an open, self-declared dictatorship, that things could be otherwise and parliament is then finished. The belief in parliamentarism, in government by discussion, belongs to the intellectual world of liberalism. It does not belong to democracy. Both, liberalism and democracy, have to be distinguished from one Create PDF with PDF4U. If you wish to remove this line, please click here to purchase the full version
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Page ii Studies in Contemporary Ger
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Page iv Sixth printing, 2000 First
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Page vi 3 Dictatorship in Marxist T
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Page viii a number of reasons. Firs
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Page 16 and 17: Page xiv late 1983: "If formal majo
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Page 20 and 21: most cogently set out by Locke, Ben
Page 22 and 23: Page xx Just how radical Carl Schmi
Page 24 and 25: Page xxii the republic) Friedrich E
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Page 48 and 49: Page xlv 36. Max Weber, "Parlament
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Page 52 and 53: Page xlviii 67. Richard Thoma, "Sin
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Page 56 and 57: Page 1 Preface to the Second Editio
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Page 86 and 87: Page 31 the contemporary League of
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Page 57 be possible. It would be so
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Page 59 on which the metaphysical c
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Page 61 of his own perfect knowledg
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Page 63 tions. It has already been
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Page 65 4— Irrationalist Theories
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Page 67 events and experiences in R
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Page 69 strike really means today i
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Page 71 ocratic electoral campaigns
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Page 73 Sorel sought to retain the
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Page 75 Europeanized upper classes
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Page 77 Appendix: On the Ideology o
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Page 79 of law and justice might re
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of a representative assembly and it
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Page 83 a third "myth" in our time,
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Page 85 Notes Preface to the Second
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and Social Democrats Create PDF wit
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Page 88 13. [Tr.] M. J. Bonn, Die K
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Page 89 unexamined. Finally democra
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Page 90 Greeks were transferred fro
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Page 91 since 1783," in Robin W. Wi
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Page 92 Press in 1934. Schmitt refe
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movement, which, in his view, threa
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3. Rudolf Smend, "Die Verschiebung
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Page 98 were represented, the king
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Page 99 Tyrants (London: G. Bell &
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citation above is taken from Condor
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Page 104 & Humblot, 1892), 116. [Sc
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Page 106 See James J. Sheehan, Germ
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Page 108 128). [H. Stuart Hughes, T
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Page 109 was an immediate supporter
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Page 111 Bibliography to the 1926 E
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Page 113 Donoso-Cortés, Juan, "Ens
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Landauer, Carl, "Die Wege zur Erobe
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Schmitt, Carl, Politische Romantik.
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Page 119 Bibliographical Note Altho
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Page 121 politics and theory in the
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Page 123 Index A Absolutism, and la
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Page 124 Berstein, Eduard, 72, 105,
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contradictions, 62 in Marx's theory
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defined, 14, 25, 26 as destiny, 23
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Dynamic-Dialectic, xxxix, xli basis
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elation to the political sphere, 11
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Hamburger, Joseph, 86 Hamilton, Ale
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and Australian immigration law, 9 c
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Koellreutter, Otto, 93, 114 Konnex,
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logical character of, 43, 46 method
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traditionalism in, 73 Create PDF wi
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in democracy, 25, 26, 28 Jacobin ar
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and democracy, 8, 16, 17 as a faça
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Parties factions in parliament, 20
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Rohmer, F., 47, 48 Romanticism, 36,
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Page 132 Stein, Carl vom, 109 Stein
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