A Technical History of the SEI

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The SEI developed a more explicit model with practices focused on establishing a richer set of constructs in which to place and organize the practices within each maturity level. One such construct was the “key process area” with its goals and key practices (another was the “common features”). The key process areas were identified through three sources: (1) problem areas and practices associated with each maturity level [Humphrey 1989], (2) multiple practitioner community reviews and workshops, and (3) statistical analyses of both assessment and questionnaire data (e.g., could the results of the latter predict the former?). Key process areas also became a mechanism for reporting and rating the results of an assessment and setting targets for process improvement and would serve as a basis for developing and updating the questionnaire, which would now serve more of a diagnostic purpose. As a result of these activities, the SEI published the Software Capability Maturity Model [Paulk 1993] and updated the software process assessment and software capability evaluation methods to make use of the explicit model. The Consequence: A Revolutionary International Movement With the publication of a practitioner community-vetted explicit model of software development practice, worldwide adoption grew each year for many years. The SEI created user group meetings, later called Software Engineering Process Group (SEPG) conferences, as a means of interacting with the practitioner community and broadly sharing lessons learned. Software Process Improvement Networks (SPINs), organizations or individuals regularly hosting meetings for co-located software process improvement champions and the curious, grew in number from two in 1992 to about fifty by 1998. The number of formal assessments also grew dramatically. The Software CMM thus launched the process improvement movement, and other CMMs emerged [Bate 1994, Konrad 1996] as other communities recognized their value [Davenport 2005]. The View from Others The model, created in 1987, has become a worldwide standard for software development processes and is now embedded within many government and industry organizations. It has provided an objective basis for measuring progress in software engineering and for comparing one software provider’s processes to another’s. This in turn has facilitated the growth of offshore providers in India and China by commoditizing software development processes and making them more transparent to buyers. – Thomas Davenport, currently President’s Distinguished Professor in Management and Information Technology at Babson College [Davenport 2005] The CMM is not a panacea and it does not solve all problems. In fact, a case could be made that the CMM creates a few problems of its own. In general, however, the superimposition of the CMM structure on a good sized organization has benefited it wherever that has occurred. – Capers Jones, Chief Scientist Emeritus, Software Productivity Research [CAI 2005] CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY 111 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited.
The SEI Contribution The ideas in the CMM for Software were contributed by many people. Many of those ideas preceded the SEI effort, such as those from authors identified in the footnote, and from the IBM and Texas Instruments experiences. In addition, as the SEI began to lead the effort, many software engineers contributed from their own experiences. The SEI contribution was to provide leadership to the community, assimilating and filtering the ideas into a consistent framework to produce the documents that became a worldwide de facto standard for software process improvement. The SEI designed a new structure for visualizing the evolution of practices, a seminal information architecture that was mimicked and adapted over time. The process of providing leadership to the community in a consensus-building effort has become the hallmark of SEI efforts. The Software CMM eventually became superseded by CMMI, especially CMMI for Development and CMMI for Acquisition. The SEI undertook initiatives to unite two disciplines and communities that sometimes acted at odds with each other and yet must work together to ensure product and program success: namely, systems engineering and software engineering References [Barbacci 1985] Barbacci, M. R.; Habermann, A. N.; & Shaw, M. “The Software Engineering Institute: Bridging Practice and Potential.” IEEE Software 2, 6 (November 1985): 4-21 (ISSN: 0740-7459). [Bate 1994] Bate, Roger; Reichner, Albert; Garcia-Miller, Suzanne; Armitage, James; Cusick, Kerinia; Jones, Robert; Kuhn, Dorothy; Minnich, Ilene; Pierson, Hal; & Powell, Tim. A Systems Engineering Capability Maturity Model, Version 1.0 (CMU/SEI-94-HB-004). Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 1994. http://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/assetview.cfm?AssetID=12037 [CAI 2005] Computer Aid Inc. “Focus on Capers Jones, Chief Scientist Emeritus, SPR, A CAI State of the Practice Interview.” July 2005. http://www.compaid.com/caiinternet/casestudies/capersjonesinterview1.pdf [Davenport 2005] Davenport, Thomas. “The Coming Commoditization of Processes.” Harvard Business Review. (June 2005): 101-108. [DoD 1982] Department of Defense. Report of the DoD Taskforce on Software Problems (Stock No. ADA123449). National Technical Information Service, 1982.www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA123449 [Druffel 1983] Druffel, L. E.; Redwine, Jr., S. T.; Riddle, W. E. “The STARS Program: Overview and Rationale.” Computer 16, 11 (November 1983): 21-29. [Fowler 1990] Fowler, Priscilla & Rifkin, Stanley. Software Engineering Process Group Guide (CMU/SEI-90-TR-024). Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 1990. http://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/asset-view.cfm?AssetID=11253 CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY 112 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited.
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A Technical History of the SEI Larr
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Table of Contents Foreword Preface
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The Consequence: Undergraduate Soft
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References 131 Expanding the CMMI P
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The Challenge: Configuration Suppor
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References 275 Operational Support
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Foreword Angel Jordan University Pr
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to the SEI on a part-time basis as
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Blaise Durante Deputy Assistant Sec
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synergy between the TRA team’s ob
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Preface This report chronicles the
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Abstract This report chronicles the
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1 Introduction CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027
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Introduction In December 1984, the
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promulgate use of modern techniques
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Interpreting the Charter In creatin
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of Defense and flag officers from t
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(CRADA) funding is available to exp
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Another effective mechanism has bee
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2 Real-Time Embedded Systems Engine
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Figure 3: Real-Time Embedded System
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Introduction to Real-Time Embedded
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in those developments. The SEI was,
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general-purpose techniques but with
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Summary DoD systems have traditiona
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Ada/Real-Time Embedded Systems Test
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enchmark. Results of testbed experi
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Distributed Ada Real-Time Kernel Th
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Ada Adoption Handbook The Challenge
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[Hefley 1992] Hefley, William; Fore
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processor utilization. The sample a
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References [AFSAB 1988] Air Force S
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also known as using simplicity to c
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Software for Heterogeneous Machines
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[Barbacci 1986b] Barbacci, Mario &
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The increase in processing capacity
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[Lakshmanan 2011] Lakshmanan, Karth
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analysis as well as model tuning fo
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References [Hansen 2004] Hansen, J.
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or asynchronous networked computer
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3 Education and Training CMU/SEI-20
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Figure 4: Education and Training Ti
Page 87 and 88: making materials available to allow
Page 89 and 90: course offering, while at other uni
Page 91 and 92: [DoD 1984] Statement of Work for Im
Page 93 and 94: The curriculum guidelines also sugg
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Page 97 and 98: SEI adapted the Personal Software P
Page 99 and 100: Software Assurance Curriculum for C
Page 101 and 102: how they relate to business needs.
Page 103 and 104: Survivability and Information Assur
Page 105 and 106: The SEI curriculum and others’ co
Page 107 and 108: The CSEE conference series also bro
Page 109 and 110: CMU Master of Software Engineering
Page 111 and 112: Executive Education Program The Cha
Page 113 and 114: Professional Training The Challenge
Page 115 and 116: Education and Training Delivery Pla
Page 117 and 118: [Ardis 2005] Ardis, Mark. “An Inc
Page 119 and 120: practical for keeping content curre
Page 121 and 122: [Johnson 2012] Johnson, Col. Rivers
Page 123 and 124: 4 Management CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 |
Page 125: Figure 5: Management Timeline CMU/S
Page 128 and 129: Introduction to Management When the
Page 130 and 131: neering CMM [SEI 1995] to describe
Page 132 and 133: under SEI stewardship in 2009. Deve
Page 134 and 135: References [Averill 1993] Averill,
Page 136 and 137: [SEI 1995] A Systems Engineering Ca
Page 140 and 141: [Humphrey 1988] Humphrey, Watts; Sw
Page 142 and 143: opinion leaders and senior managers
Page 144 and 145: [Hayes 1995] Hayes, William & Zubro
Page 146 and 147: move from maturity level to maturit
Page 148 and 149: The People Capability Maturity Mode
Page 150 and 151: The SEI Contribution As is the case
Page 152 and 153: and security process improvement. T
Page 154 and 155: [Caralli 2004] Caralli, Richard. Ma
Page 156 and 157: 4.6.2.1 CMMI Constellations For CMM
Page 158 and 159: ity and widespread use of the CMMI
Page 160 and 161: Expanding the CMMI Product Suite to
Page 162 and 163: key leaders within that organizatio
Page 164 and 165: The Smart Grid The Challenge: The N
Page 166 and 167: ecoming more widespread. As utiliti
Page 168 and 169: Continuous Risk Management training
Page 170 and 171: [Alberts 2009] Alberts, Christopher
Page 172 and 173: The principal motivator for the dev
Page 174 and 175: References [Carleton 2010] Carleton
Page 176 and 177: Measurement and Analysis The Challe
Page 178 and 179: Carnegie Mellon University, 2002. h
Page 180 and 181: activities. The final set of activi
Page 182 and 183: [Rombach 1989] Rombach, H. Dieter &
Page 184 and 185: 5 Security CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | SO
Page 186: Figure 6: Security Timeline CMU/SEI
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Introduction to Security In the ear
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The CERT/CC helps guard against dev
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The SEI concern about risks posed t
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Teams (FIRST), which was formed in
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[Killcrece 2008] Killcrece, Georgia
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The CERT/CC built on its vast colle
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Malicious Code Analysis The Challen
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have put advanced tools in the hand
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Secure Coding The Challenge: Preven
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end, the SEI has developed training
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Network Situational Awareness The C
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In 2007, the Comprehensive National
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study. In 2011, the DoD began fundi
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[CSO 2004] CSO Magazine, in coopera
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People who work in small organizati
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[Violino 2010] Violino, Bob. “IT
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Since its initial development in 20
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References [Alberts 2005] Alberts,
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6 Software Engineering Methods CMU/
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Introduction to Software Engineerin
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were delivered to Army and Air Forc
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Configuration Management The Challe
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The SEI Contribution The SEI recogn
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CASE Environments The Challenge: Ma
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The SEI Contribution The CASE work
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Software Technology Reference Guide
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Reengineering The Challenge: Legacy
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[Bergey 1999] Bergey, John; Smith,
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2. Influence is more important than
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[Brownsword 2004] Brownsword, Lisa;
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Developing Systems with Commercial
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The SEI Contribution When the SEI s
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[Tyson 2003] Tyson, Barbara; Albert
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system is safe); (2) evidence suppo
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7 Architecture CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027
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1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996
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Introduction to Software Architectu
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cation description language, in the
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AFSC/ESD conducted a source selecti
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[Brown 1995] Brown, Alan; Carney, D
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Structural Modeling The Challenge:
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The SEI Contribution As a result of
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Federal Aviation Administration Stu
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evolving understanding of software
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The basic features of Serpent were
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Software Architecture Analysis Meth
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A survey of software architecture e
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Quality Attributes The Challenge: M
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[Barbacci 1995] Barbacci, Mario; Kl
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The Consequence: Effective Evaluati
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[Gallagher 2000] Gallagher, Brian.
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design with some variation built in
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Software Product Lines The Challeng
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A software product line curriculum.
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8 Forensics CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | S
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Figure 8: Forensics Timeline CMU/SE
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Introduction to Computer Forensics:
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ultimate contribution of SEI digita
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The SEI’s experience with cases s
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Digital Intelligence and Investigat
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that not only apply to the specific
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9 The Future of Software Engineerin
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A Vision of the Future of Software
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In each case, impact is achieved th
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e-estimation as a means to assess p
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and complexity of these systems are
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10 Conclusion CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 |
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Highlighting 30 Years of Contributi
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developed network situational aware
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Direct Support to Government System
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In the course of these reviews, the
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Appendix Authors Contributing to th
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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A Technical History of the SEI

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