A Technical History of the SEI

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The SEI Role The SEI works with diverse organizations within the DoD—and also in other agencies and in the DoD supply chain—to leverage the rapid changes in software technology to support diverse facets of the mission at all stages of the lifecycle, including development, assurance, and sustainment for cyber-enabled missions. In its FFRDC role, the SEI develops methods to manage risk, cost, schedule, quality, security, and complexity of software-reliant systems. The SEI works throughout the software supply chain, including with prime government contractors, their subcontractors, supporting vendors, open-source foundations, government labs, other FFRDCs, and researchers. Through these relationships, the SEI learns how the DoD can both make the best use of and also facilitate the advance of DoD-essential technologies that are emerging in the commercial sector, as well as the new technologies that are still being evaluated in the lab. A key challenge in the shifting software landscape is that advances in software technology and practice consist of much more than incremental enhancements to established existing practices and tools. We must also focus on advancing and redefining the practice to support new techniques that are better suited to delivering the capability, flexibility, and assurance necessary for modern systems. We call this software producibility—the capacity to design, produce, assure, and evolve innovative software-intensive systems in a predictable manner, while effectively managing risk, cost, schedule, and complexity. Looking Ahead In this section, we look forward in software engineering, in related topics in cybersecurity, and in potential roles for the SEI as an institution. There are significant changes underway in the ways we develop, assure, and sustain software-reliant systems. There are also significant changes in the technologies and practices associated with software, including languages, tools, models, and analyses, as well as supporting hardware and communications infrastructure. This visionary exercise reflects an activity that is ongoing at the SEI, which is to continually look forward with respect to both the mission context and the advancement of technology and practice. This forward-looking process involves direct engagement with stakeholders across a spectrum from basic researchers in universities to mission-focused operators and sustainment managers. The process involves identifying and assessing potentially important points of technical advancement that can provide meaningful leverage on a wide range of challenges associated with developing and sustaining softwarereliant systems. In the past, an active forward-looking research and planning effort has led to the many advancements documented throughout this volume, such as CMM/CMMI, TSP, the scalable conops of the CERT/CC, 71 real-time scheduling theory and practice, and the emergence of architecture practice. 71 W. L. Scherlis, S. L. Squires, R. D. Pethia, “Computer Emergency Response,” in P. Denning (ed.) Computers Under Attack: Intruders, Worms, and Viruses, Addison-Wesley, 1990. CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY 286 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited.
In each case, impact is achieved though the attainment of a balance between the ambition and extent of leverage of the new advancement, on the one hand, and the feasibility and transition of the advancement, on the other. Looking forward, we envision advances in several areas that are critical to the development and sustainment processes, to achieving assured and secure systems, and to creating certain functionality essential to a wide range of software-reliant DoD systems. All these advances occur in the context of significant changes in the structure of major defense systems and the role of software in those systems. For example, software is the key to achieving assured system-of-systems interoperability, integration, and configurations; it enables the shift from platform-centric stovepipe solutions to payload-centric “framework-and-apps” approaches. 72 An emerging theme is the development of robust and scalable architectures that enable component assembly and incremental advancement. This is an important advance for the engineering of large and complex systems, but it also creates significant challenges for software assurance. 73 In addition, software has become the materiel of both defensive cybersecurity structures and offensive cyber capability. Improving our ability to create, manipulate, and analyze software is essential to advancing all aspects of cyber warfare. Finally, supply chains for software are becoming more complex, more diverse, and more international. This evolution is a consequence of recent advances in technology and in computing infrastructure. An unavoidable consequence of rich supply chains is that we must consider attack surfaces not just at the periphery of complex systems, but also within the systems, including the role that humans play as operators and users in these systems. Below we highlight the four principal dimensions of the SEI technical vision. Each of these encompasses a wide range of technical problems. But each also demonstrates that incremental progress on technical sub-problems can lead to incremental improvements in mission capability. 1. Architecture-Led Incremental Iterative Development (ALIID). The goal of ALIID is to enable iterative and incremental development of highly capable and innovative systems with acceptable levels of programmatic risk. While small-team agile methods are well established in most sectors, the challenges of scaling up to larger efforts remain profound. ALIID is intended to manifest the aspiration of “agile at scale” by enabling larger scale iterative and incremental development in DoD development and sustainment/modernization projects. 72 This concept of shifting emphasis in the development of DoD systems from “platform” to “payload” is analogous to the emergence of socio-technical ecosystems for mobile devices (IOS and Android frameworks and apps), for big data analytics (MapReduce frameworks), and in other applications. ADM Greenert articulated the case in an article, Payloads over Platforms: Charting a New Course, in US Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, 2012. 73 This issue is addressed in the report Mission Impact of Foreign Influence on DoD Software, Defense Science Board 2007. CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE | CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY 287 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited.
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A Technical History of the SEI Larr
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Table of Contents Foreword Preface
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The Consequence: Undergraduate Soft
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References 131 Expanding the CMMI P
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The Challenge: Configuration Suppor
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References 275 Operational Support
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Foreword Angel Jordan University Pr
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to the SEI on a part-time basis as
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Blaise Durante Deputy Assistant Sec
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synergy between the TRA team’s ob
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Preface This report chronicles the
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Abstract This report chronicles the
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1 Introduction CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027
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Introduction In December 1984, the
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promulgate use of modern techniques
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Interpreting the Charter In creatin
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of Defense and flag officers from t
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(CRADA) funding is available to exp
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Another effective mechanism has bee
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2 Real-Time Embedded Systems Engine
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Figure 3: Real-Time Embedded System
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Introduction to Real-Time Embedded
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in those developments. The SEI was,
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general-purpose techniques but with
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Summary DoD systems have traditiona
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Ada/Real-Time Embedded Systems Test
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enchmark. Results of testbed experi
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Distributed Ada Real-Time Kernel Th
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Ada Adoption Handbook The Challenge
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[Hefley 1992] Hefley, William; Fore
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processor utilization. The sample a
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References [AFSAB 1988] Air Force S
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also known as using simplicity to c
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Software for Heterogeneous Machines
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[Barbacci 1986b] Barbacci, Mario &
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The increase in processing capacity
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[Lakshmanan 2011] Lakshmanan, Karth
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analysis as well as model tuning fo
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References [Hansen 2004] Hansen, J.
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or asynchronous networked computer
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3 Education and Training CMU/SEI-20
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Figure 4: Education and Training Ti
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making materials available to allow
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course offering, while at other uni
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[DoD 1984] Statement of Work for Im
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The curriculum guidelines also sugg
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Undergraduate Software Engineering
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SEI adapted the Personal Software P
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Software Assurance Curriculum for C
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how they relate to business needs.
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Survivability and Information Assur
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The SEI curriculum and others’ co
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The CSEE conference series also bro
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CMU Master of Software Engineering
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Executive Education Program The Cha
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Professional Training The Challenge
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Education and Training Delivery Pla
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[Ardis 2005] Ardis, Mark. “An Inc
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practical for keeping content curre
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[Johnson 2012] Johnson, Col. Rivers
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4 Management CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 |
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Figure 5: Management Timeline CMU/S
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Introduction to Management When the
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neering CMM [SEI 1995] to describe
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under SEI stewardship in 2009. Deve
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References [Averill 1993] Averill,
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[SEI 1995] A Systems Engineering Ca
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The SEI developed a more explicit m
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[Humphrey 1988] Humphrey, Watts; Sw
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opinion leaders and senior managers
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[Hayes 1995] Hayes, William & Zubro
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move from maturity level to maturit
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The People Capability Maturity Mode
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The SEI Contribution As is the case
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and security process improvement. T
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[Caralli 2004] Caralli, Richard. Ma
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4.6.2.1 CMMI Constellations For CMM
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ity and widespread use of the CMMI
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Expanding the CMMI Product Suite to
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key leaders within that organizatio
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The Smart Grid The Challenge: The N
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ecoming more widespread. As utiliti
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Continuous Risk Management training
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[Alberts 2009] Alberts, Christopher
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The principal motivator for the dev
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References [Carleton 2010] Carleton
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Measurement and Analysis The Challe
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Carnegie Mellon University, 2002. h
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activities. The final set of activi
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[Rombach 1989] Rombach, H. Dieter &
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5 Security CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | SO
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Figure 6: Security Timeline CMU/SEI
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Introduction to Security In the ear
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The CERT/CC helps guard against dev
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The SEI concern about risks posed t
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Teams (FIRST), which was formed in
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[Killcrece 2008] Killcrece, Georgia
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The CERT/CC built on its vast colle
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Malicious Code Analysis The Challen
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have put advanced tools in the hand
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Secure Coding The Challenge: Preven
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end, the SEI has developed training
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Network Situational Awareness The C
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In 2007, the Comprehensive National
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study. In 2011, the DoD began fundi
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[CSO 2004] CSO Magazine, in coopera
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People who work in small organizati
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[Violino 2010] Violino, Bob. “IT
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Since its initial development in 20
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References [Alberts 2005] Alberts,
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6 Software Engineering Methods CMU/
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Introduction to Software Engineerin
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were delivered to Army and Air Forc
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Configuration Management The Challe
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The SEI Contribution The SEI recogn
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CASE Environments The Challenge: Ma
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The SEI Contribution The CASE work
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Software Technology Reference Guide
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Reengineering The Challenge: Legacy
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[Bergey 1999] Bergey, John; Smith,
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2. Influence is more important than
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[Brownsword 2004] Brownsword, Lisa;
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Developing Systems with Commercial
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The SEI Contribution When the SEI s
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[Tyson 2003] Tyson, Barbara; Albert
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system is safe); (2) evidence suppo
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7 Architecture CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027
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1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996
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Introduction to Software Architectu
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cation description language, in the
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Page 268 and 269: [Brown 1995] Brown, Alan; Carney, D
Page 270 and 271: Structural Modeling The Challenge:
Page 272 and 273: The SEI Contribution As a result of
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Page 284 and 285: Quality Attributes The Challenge: M
Page 286 and 287: [Barbacci 1995] Barbacci, Mario; Kl
Page 288 and 289: The Consequence: Effective Evaluati
Page 290 and 291: [Gallagher 2000] Gallagher, Brian.
Page 292 and 293: design with some variation built in
Page 294 and 295: Software Product Lines The Challeng
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Page 298 and 299: 8 Forensics CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 | S
Page 300: Figure 8: Forensics Timeline CMU/SE
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Page 305 and 306: ultimate contribution of SEI digita
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Page 309 and 310: Digital Intelligence and Investigat
Page 311 and 312: that not only apply to the specific
Page 313 and 314: 9 The Future of Software Engineerin
Page 315: A Vision of the Future of Software
Page 319 and 320: e-estimation as a means to assess p
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Page 323 and 324: 10 Conclusion CMU/SEI-2016-SR-027 |
Page 325 and 326: Highlighting 30 Years of Contributi
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Page 329 and 330: Direct Support to Government System
Page 331 and 332: In the course of these reviews, the
Page 333 and 334: Appendix Authors Contributing to th
Page 335: REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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A Technical History of the SEI

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