The Kyma Language for Sound Design, Version 4.5

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Exporting, Importing and Post-Processing Kyma’s ability to record and play sample files allows you to exchange files between Kyma and other synthesis and editing environments. For example, you can use Kyma to design Sounds, record the Sounds into sample files, then edit, mix and sequence the sample files using a different program (like a DAW or an audio sequencer). You could also exchange Sounds with a colleague who doesn’t have Kyma. Kyma can exchange sample files with any program that recognizes AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format), WAV (Microsoft Wave), SF/IRCAM/MTU, or SD-I and SD-II (Sound Designer I and II) files. Regardless of whether your sample files were generated in Kyma or another program, Kyma lets you play them directly from the hard disk using a DiskPlayer, MultifileDiskPlayer, KeyMappedMultisample, or a DiskSplicer (all found in the Disk category of the system prototypes), or from sample memory using Sample, MultiSample, or KeyMappedMultiSample (all found in the Sampling category), or from either the hard disk or sample memory using the GenericSource (found in the Sources category). You can add reverberation, mix it with Sounds generated in Kyma, do filtering; in short, you can treat these Sounds like any other Sound in Kyma. Then, once you have processed the sample file to your satisfaction, you can record the processed version to the hard disk as a new file. Playing and Editing You can play back sample files by choosing Play… from the File menu and then selecting the sample file you wish to play from the file dialog. To see the files graphically and make minor edits, select Open… from the File menu and choose Sample file as the file type (see Sample Editor on page 501 for more information). You can also play sample files using the DiskPlayer, MultifileDiskPlayer, DiskSplicer, Sample, MultiSample, KeyMappedMultiSample, and GenericSource Sounds. Alternatively, you can play and edit sample files from the file organizer, see File menu: File organizer on page 424. DiskPlayer, MultifileDiskPlayer, DiskSplicer, and KeyMappedMultisample and GenericSource (if set to play from disk) play sample files directly from the hard disk of your computer. The number of sample files you can play directly from disk at any one time depends on the speed of your computer’s hard disk and disk driver software. (At a 44.1 khz sample rate, you should be able to play three or four simultaneous monaural sample files.) You can, however, build up arbitrarily complex Sounds by recording to disk, playing back from the disk with modifications and additions, and recording the modified Sound into another disk file, ad infinitum (or at least until you run out of disk space). Sample, MultiSample, KeyMappedMultiSample, and KeyMappedMultisample and GenericSource (if set to play from RAM) play sample files from the RAM of the signal processor. Because of this, these Sounds are restricted to playing sample files that can fit in the sample memory. However, when the sample is stored in sample memory, it is possible to play through the sample in different ways, including in reverse and with arbitrary, moveable loop points. 494
DiskPlayer You can play back a recording from the hard disk by using a DiskPlayer Sound. A DiskPlayer can be treated like any other Kyma Sound. MultifileDiskPlayer The MultifileDiskPlayer is similar to the DiskPlayer, except that you provide it with a list of sample files. The Index field provides a real time way of choosing which sample file to play when the MultifileDisk- Player is triggered. See the Prototypes Reference beginning on page 218, the on-line help, and the examples that come with Kyma for more information about this Sound. DiskSplicer Another way to play back sample files is to use a DiskSplicer. A DiskSplicer Sound allows you to play all or part of a samples file; it also lets you splice together segments from one or more samples files. With a DiskSplicer Sound you can perform non-destructive graphic edits on multiple samples files. Segments Fields and Controls The left half of the Segments field provides an overview of all of the sample files as they are currently spliced together. Click and drag in this part of the field to select the portion to be displayed in the right half of the Segments field. Click and drag in the right half of the Segments field to make a selection. Cut, Copy, Paste, Clear, and Trim from the Edit menu operate on this selection. 495
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments to
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knowing that he would understand an
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These sections tend to be graphical
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Go ahead and set this up now, so th
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First, Kyma asks you to invest some
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Grammar Kyma “sentences” are co
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A Sound, no matter how complex, can
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Whether you are composing or design
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Data-driven Sound Patterns in exper
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Preproduction The items in the Tool
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♦ The spectrum editor is a two-di
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Sound, Sound File, and Sound Editor
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Help and Information For on-line he
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tem. However, you can drag a Sound
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Delete To remove Sound A from the s
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Whenever you want to make sure that
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Parameters Suppose you wanted to dr
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to replace the old value. § Then u
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Event Values Even though the Generi
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Status Whenever you play a Sound th
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Kyma will make an association betwe
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Scale and Offset 90% of all arithme
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So if you see a parameter field tha
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Automation To prevent a controller
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To read several channels, create se
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Smoothing Things Over To filter or
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Now select and play the FormantBank
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For example, to set controller numb
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MIDI Controllers The output of any
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Cross-mapping Parameters There is n
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Sample Editor Getting Information o
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trum editor. The analysis can be do
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Text Preferences There is not that
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Select the folders in the top list
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Algorithmic Splicing and Mixing Scr
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Who’s on top? the value of a vari
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TimeController is a little less ext
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To play a compiled Sound, tab into
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Compile, load You may notice that s
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Strategies for Non-real-time In som
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Remove Redundancy The most common s
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Learning Kyma When people tell us t
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You will get the most out of this
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You can read these settings, but yo
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lowing the tutorials step-by-step,
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Audio Demonstrations These examples
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Now examine the value of Frequencie
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Backgrounds, Textures Sounds in thi
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Edit cloud1, setting the parameters
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In pick out unvoiced the EX version
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Go back and double-click on synthet
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FFT cross synth RE Analysis Tool Tr
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Delays, Chorusing, Reverb Delays Ch
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So you could model a sound source i
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Disk Recording, Playback Playback R
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Multi-tracking this could be used t
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Distortion Waveshaping Clipping By
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down. At all other times, the ampli
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Envelopes In general usage, the wor
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Formants Picture a sine wave added
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Frequency Scaling One of the most c
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It looks very much like a series of
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RE Synthesis Surrealism Double-clic
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F13 frequencies, we have to multipl
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Parameter Setting Select unchecked
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Looping, Feedback Several Kyma Soun
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MIDIVoice Scripts The MIDIVoice and
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Random Events The next example gene
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The first line is just a declaratio
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EventMix Play the example called ou
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Markov Chain In Kyma, the MarkovCha
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Recursion First we create a TimedEv
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Morphing Imagine a scene from your
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Single Musical Tones You can also m
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Adjust the fader upwards until you
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III. Synchronizing the Analyses At
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Output MIDI Getting Wired MIDI Note
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Generating MIDI If you want to turn
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Note that if you decide to switch t
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Playing Back Samples from the Capyb
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Scripts OK, now for a verbal explan
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every 256 samples, it outputs the s
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Stereo Placement If a sound source
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Tap Tempo This file contains exampl
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Time Scaling This section is the du
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Timing Clock, MTC When you use Kyma
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faster rate than once per second! D
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Timbre Like an amplitude envelope,
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will output 256 tracks on each fram
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Tuning In Kyma, the smallest change
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Click the Create Example button; Ky
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Group-additive Synthesis In additiv
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Whooshes, Hits, Bys These are some
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You have defined a general stereo l
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Click in a light area to draw a dar
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First, in the Class Description fie
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Now your script should look like th
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Now use a continuous control on the
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Now let’s make a transformation t
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Part III: Exercises Time/frequency
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Creating a Wavetable using the Samp
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Kyma Quick Reference System Prototy
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Working with the Parameter Fields o
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Specifying Units in Parameter Field
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Virtual Control Surface The axes of
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Spectrum Editor Overview Navigating
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Sample File Editor This box indicat
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Prototypes Reference
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ADSR Envelopes & Control Signals Ca
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AnalogSequencer Sequencers Category
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#(!Morph 0 0.25 1) #(!Pan 0 0.5 1)
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Annotation Variables & Annotation C
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ArcTan Math Category The output of
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AudioInput Sampling Category An Aud
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CellularAutomaton Scripts Category
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CenteringMixer Mixing & Panning Cat
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ChannelJoin Mixing & Panning Catego
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Chopper Envelopes & Control Signals
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ContextFreeGrammar Scripts Category
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Crossfade Level, Compression, Expan
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Interpolation When Linear is select
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DiskCache Sampling Category Stores
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DiskRecorder Sampling Category Reco
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DynamicRangeController Level, Compr
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EndTogetherMixer Mixing & Panning C
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FeedbackLoopInput Xtra Category A F
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FFT Spectral Analysis FFT Category
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Feedback The higher the Feedback, t
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FormantBankOscillator Xtra Sources
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FrequencyTracker Tracking Live Inpu
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FunctionGenerator Envelopes & Contr
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GAOscillators Xtra Sources Category
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GenericSource Xtra Sources Category
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To specify a constant duration, no
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GraphicEQ Filters Category This giv
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HighShelvingFilter Filters Category
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IteratedWaveshaper Distortion & Wav
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the samples to be mapped. LoFreq Lo
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LiveSpectralAnalysis Tracking Live
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LowShelvingFilter Filters Category
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Matrix8 Spatializing Category This
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MemoryWriter Sampling Category When
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MIDIFileEcho MIDI Out Category This
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MIDI file). Set Channel to 0 to use
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MIDIOutputController MIDI Out Categ
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MIDIOutputEventInBytes MIDI Out Cat
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Polyphony Number of simultaneous MI
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Mixer Mixing & Panning Category Add
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MultifileDiskPlayer Sampling Catego
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Multisample Sampling Category This
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MultisegmentEnvelope Envelopes & Co
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Noise Xtra Sources Category This ge
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actualFreq := Frequency + (Frequenc
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OscilloscopeDisplay Tracking Live I
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Output8 Spatializing Category This
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Pan Mixing & Panning Category Place
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PeakDetector Tracking Live Input Ca
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PresenceFilter Filters Category Act
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Product Math Category Outputs the p
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When reset is nonzero, it resets th
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QuadOscillator Xtra Sources Categor
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0 (maximum attenuation) !Fader1 (co
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ReverbSection Reverb, Delay, Feedba
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RhythmicCellularAutomaton Scripts C
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RunningMax Math Category Output is
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Sample Sampling Category Plays the
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SampleAndHold Sampling Category A S
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Pan This is the stereo position of
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ScaleAndOffset Math Category The ou
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Controls the level of the SideChain
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0 (maximum attenuation) !Fader1 (co
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SetRange Math Category This maps th
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SingleSideBandRM Frequency & Time S
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SoundCollectionVariable Variables C
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SpectralShape Spectral Sources Cate
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SpectrumFrequencyScale Spectral Mod
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SpectrumLogToLinear Spectral Modifi
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FreqHysteresis Enter a frequency or
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SpectrumOnDisk Spectral Sources Cat
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SqrtMagnitude Math Category This is
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StereoInOutput8 Spatializing Catego
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StereoMix4 Mixing & Panning Categor
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SumOfSines Xtra Sources Category Re
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exact time within the sample where
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smallest array will be used, and an
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every other value of this Sound wil
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Threshold Tracking Live Input Categ
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TimeFrequencyScale Frequency & Time
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TimeOffset Time & Duration Category
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TriggeredSampleAndHold Sampling Cat
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TunableVocoder Filters Category Tun
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TwoFormantElement Filters Category
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full amplitude use +1.0 or -1.0; an
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VCA Envelopes & Control Signals Cat
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LowCF This is the center frequency
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TimeConstant Controls the reaction
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WarpedTimeIndex Time & Duration Cat
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398
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Compression/Expansion Gain 265 Cros
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Math Difference 245 Math Equality 2
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Spatializing Output8 312 Spatializi
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406
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DiskCache Disk 246 DiskPlayer Sampl
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Mixer Distortion & Waveshaping 298
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SpectrumInRAM Spectral Sources 355
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414
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416
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Menu Operations The menus available
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About the table: ♦ File Descripti
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File menu: Close File menu: Save…
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For more information, see Virtual C
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Edit menu: Undo Edit menu: Cut Edit
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Edit menu: Trim The Trim operation
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♦ Icon Size in Sound Editor Field
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♦ If the file name has a complete
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Time and Time Code Displays The tim
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speeds that may be compatible with
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Even if the selected Sound cannot p
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Info menu: Describe sound Describe
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Tools Menu FFT and the window funct
Page 444 and 445: Using the Tool Choose Spectral Anal
Page 446 and 447: If you are unsure which type of fil
Page 448 and 449: If you hear clipping in the resynth
Page 450 and 451: The Tool performs an analysis that
Page 452 and 453: The main page of the Tool contains
Page 454 and 455: Clicking on Cents Scale brings up t
Page 456 and 457: This part of the tool reads lines f
Page 458 and 459: System Prototypes and the Sound Fil
Page 460 and 461: Creating and Editing Sounds In Kyma
Page 462 and 463: Clicking the arrow tab on Vocoder1,
Page 464 and 465: You can adjust the layout of the si
Page 466 and 467: Double-click a Sound in the signal
Page 468 and 469: An envelope breakpoint field is use
Page 470 and 471: Specifying Numbers You specify numb
Page 472 and 473: Event Values, Virtual Control Surfa
Page 474 and 475: Event Sources are specified by prec
Page 476 and 477: By default, Sounds in hot parameter
Page 478 and 479: Booleans The real-time evaluator ca
Page 480 and 481: Symbolic Times and Frequencies Use
Page 482 and 483: Event Value via the MIDI input of t
Page 484 and 485: Defining a controller type in the g
Page 486 and 487: Because the compiled Sounds do not
Page 488 and 489: Display Amplitude Envelopes F10 Joi
Page 490 and 491: Markers F5 F6 F7 F8 You can use mar
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Page 496 and 497: The icon buttons perform actions th
Page 498 and 499: enter the length of time you want t
Page 500 and 501: Feedback Typically, you use the Fee
Page 502 and 503: expands the display in the time dir
Page 504 and 505: that can be used as waveshapers by
Page 506 and 507: Internal oo These are used internal
Page 508 and 509: Windows Pythag These are symmetric
Page 510 and 511: Variables By introducing variables,
Page 512 and 513: Playing a Lifted Sound Environments
Page 514 and 515: Comments Variables Binary messages
Page 516 and 517: Arithmetic Operations Besides the u
Page 518 and 519: Booleans Alternatively, you can pla
Page 520 and 521: Conditionals i := 0. [i 1 s) varIf
Page 522 and 523: Scripting MIDI Scripts There are tw
Page 524 and 525: Sequences and Mixes An EventSequenc
Page 526 and 527: MIDIFileInterpreter Events With a M
Page 528 and 529: Variables could be rewritten as a l
Page 530 and 531: As a final illustration, let’s ta
Page 532 and 533: If you click OK, the program will p
Page 534 and 535: The next example is called Serial E
Page 536 and 537: The Class Editor In the course of d
Page 538 and 539: its range of legal values, its defa
Page 540 and 541: Organizing the New Classes To keep
Page 542 and 543: midiFileName any legal MIDI file na
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snd duration: (1.0 / snd frequency
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Suppose you had a ParameterTransfor
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Background Materials Reference Book
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Conferences Journals Magazines IEEE
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The Kyma Language for Sound Design, Version 4.5

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