Security in Space The Next Generation - UNIDIR

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96 2. Failing this, if the parties to the dispute have not agreed on a means of peaceful settlement within twelve months of the request for consultation, the dispute shall be referred, at the request of any party thereto, to arbitration or adjudication. In such case, the ILA Draft Convention on the Settlement of Space Law Disputes, which is appended as an Annex to this Instrument, shall be applicable, unless a party to this Instrument has excluded such application, in full or in part, by a declaration as provided in paragraph 3 of this Article. 3. Each Party to this Instrument, when signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding thereto, or formally confi rming its acceptance, or at any time thereafter, may declare that it chooses any of the non-binding or binding settlement procedures envisaged in the Annex to this Instrument, or that it excludes in part or in full the application of the Annex. 4. In these procedures it shall be possible, whenever appropriate, to prescribe interim measures binding on the parties in order to preserve rights or to prevent serious damage to the environment, or persons or objects. These measures shall be implemented by the parties without delay. Article 10: Signature 1. This Instrument shall be open for signature by all States and international organisations at the United Nations Headquarters in New York. Any State or international organisation which does not sign this Instrument before its entry into force may accede to it at any time. 2. This Instrument shall be subject to ratifi cation or formal confi rmation by signatory States and international organisations. Instruments of ratifi cation, instruments of accession and of formal confi rmation shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 3. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States and international organisations of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratifi cation and of accession and the date of each formal confi rmation of the present instrument, the date of its entry into force, and other notices. Article 11: Entry into Force 1. This Instrument shall enter into force among States and international organisations which have deposited instruments of ratifi cation or formal
confi rmation thirty days after the deposit of the fi fth instrument with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. For States and international organisations whose instruments of ratifi cation or accession, or of formal confi rmation, are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Instrument, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratifi cation, accession, or formal confi rmation. Article 12: Amendments Any party to this instrument may propose amendments to the Instrument. Amendments shall enter into force for each party to the Instrument accepting the amendment upon their acceptance by a majority of the parties to the Instrument and thereafter, for each remaining party to the Instrument, on the date of acceptance by it. Article 13: Reservations No reservations may be made to this Instrument except as provided in Article 9. Article 14: Review Clause Ten years after the entry into force of this Instrument the question of the review of the Instrument shall be included in the provisional agenda of the United Nations General Assembly in order to consider, in the light of past application of the Instrument, whether it requires revision. However, at any time after the Instrument has been in force for fi ve years, the Secretary- General of the United Nations, as depositary, shall at the request of one third of the parties to the Instrument and with the concurrence of the majority of the parties, convene a conference of the parties to review the Instrument. Article 15: Withdrawal Any party to the Instrument may give notice of its withdrawal from the Instrument one year after its entry into force by written notifi cation to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Such withdrawal will take effect one year from the date of receipt of this notifi cation. 97
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THE SIMONS FOUNDATION SECURE WORLD
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About the cover Cover photograph co
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
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FOREWORD Outer space is an essentia
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNIDIR would like
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xii on the editorial board of The B
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xiv Victor VASILIEV Victor Vasiliev
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CONFERENCE SUMMARY The conference
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Another threat that we need to addr
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humanitarian workers to reach the e
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The question was raised as to wheth
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For this reasons, TCBMs and a treat
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cases actors should engage in consu
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Following the presentations by the
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Could stated national policies, if
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the contrary. Rules in space became
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effects of space weather, and of co
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2 space activities, it has become c
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4 in Outer Space, the Threat or Use
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SPACE GENERATION ADVISORY COUNCIL A
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The fi rst issue is space debris. S
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avoid confl ict by prohibiting weap
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14 For its devastating power, the d
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16 papers elaborating our views on
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DOWN TO EARTH: A SOLUTION TO A GLOB
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for life on Mars could have a numbe
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Combining their expertise in mass s
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26 Perhaps the most widespread civi
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28 strengthen disaster preparedness
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30 solutions for human security, pe
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32 and other small particles. There
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NEXT GENERATION SPACE SECURITY CHAL
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This is a summary of all objects in
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Table 2. Worldwide space situationa
Page 69 and 70: was on par with one another at roug
Page 71 and 72: challenge to the international comm
Page 73 and 74: Notes 1 This research has been made
Page 75 and 76: NO HARMFUL INTERFERENCE WITH SPACE
Page 77 and 78: and the second Strategic Arms Reduc
Page 79 and 80: as well as terrestrial capabilities
Page 81 and 82: The Henry L. Stimson Center, in col
Page 83 and 84: The critics are right to recall tha
Page 85 and 86: forums. It could be negotiated by a
Page 87 and 88: precedent for non-interference with
Page 89 and 90: TRANSPARENCY AND CONFIDENCE-BUILDIN
Page 91 and 92: IADC’s terms of reference also pr
Page 93 and 94: actions. As these groups develop co
Page 95 and 96: TRANSPARENCY AND CONFIDENCE-BUILDIN
Page 97 and 98: In addition, strict compliance with
Page 99 and 100: in considering eventual confi dence
Page 101 and 102: The above-mentioned measures are no
Page 103 and 104: Notes 1 General Assembly, Special R
Page 105 and 106: SAFEGUARDING OUTER SPACE: ON THE RO
Page 107 and 108: mechanisms under permanent review,
Page 109 and 110: thereby and which may run counter t
Page 111 and 112: the discretion of that state—henc
Page 113 and 114: condition of “common agreement”
Page 115 and 116: Foundation, and Rebecca Johnson, di
Page 117 and 118: ANNEX Buenos Aires International In
Page 119: Refusal to hold consultations, or t
Page 123 and 124: States Parties to the Treaty shall
Page 125 and 126: space law, UN document A/AC.105/C.2
Page 127 and 128: 104 a potential direct threat to ma
Page 129 and 130: 106 SPACE LAW: MANY PRINCIPLES, NO
Page 131 and 132: 108 of government and corporate sta
Page 133 and 134: 110 growth will be badly hurt if th
Page 135 and 136: 112 and samples of residual materia
Page 137 and 138: 114 outer space beyond the geostati
Page 139 and 140: 116 Virgin Galactic had to obtain t
Page 141 and 142: 118 air and space traffi c in the i
Page 143 and 144: 120 aviation and space weather comm
Page 145 and 146: 122 could play a role in lowering o
Page 147 and 148: 124 In other word, space security i
Page 149 and 150: 126 a second meeting of the informa
Page 151 and 152: 128 ANNEX SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION G
Page 153 and 154: 130 Guideline 1: Limit debris relea
Page 155 and 156: 132 that survives to reach the surf
Page 157 and 158: FROM SPACE DOMINANCE TO EQUITABLE R
Page 159 and 160: The United States has never conduct
Page 161 and 162: space for any purposes that the Uni
Page 163 and 164: provide adequate reassurance that n
Page 165 and 166: SESSION IV TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS:
Page 167 and 168: 146 such weapons, if deployed in ou
Page 169 and 170: 148 DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE OF A PPWT
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150 preamble—aims of a new treaty
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RUSSIAN-CHINESE SPACE-WEAPONS-BAN P
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this issue would ensure that a trea
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outer space is fundamentally import
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160 it is formed, what power it has
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162 ought to be illegal (or, ought
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164 two specifi c ASAT activities:
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166 CIL has always been an importan
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168 neutral space assets, even if t
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170 Despite that fi stful of treati
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172 in combat. Outer space is, of c
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SESSION V NEXT GENERATION, NEXT STE
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178 the ability to secure borders,
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180 and the Chinese in 2007 have le
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182 LIMITING ORBITAL DEBRIS FORMATI
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184 nations, an essential ingredien
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SPACE SECURITY AND SATELLITE APPLIC
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ROLE OF UNOSAT The initial idea of
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CANADA’S PERSPECTIVE ON SPACE SEC
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The draft treaty on the Prevention
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ACRONYMS ASAT anti-satellite weapon
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