Security in Space The Next Generation - UNIDIR

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note that such weapons would obviously cause tensions among states and disrupt the currently effective cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space. Similarly, the Outer Space Treaty bans military activities on the Moon and other celestial bodies, but it is silent about such activities in outer space. These gaps in the international legal framework must be closed if we are to avoid military competition or confl ict in outer space. There are worrying signs that strategic planners are seeking greater use of outer space for military purposes, including the development of space weapons. Tests and use of anti-satellite weapons reinforce such concerns, underlining the urgency with which to address the issue of space security. Such exercises have implications for security in outer space, not only from the perspective of military capabilities, but also with respect to the resulting debris. If we do not prevent an arms race in outer space, international security will be damaged, and—as a result of this—strategic stability will be endangered. We cannot afford delay in preventing an arms race in outer space. As you know, the General Assembly has reiterated that the Conference on Disarmament, as the sole multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, has the primary role in the negotiation of a multilateral agreement, or agreements, on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects. As Secretary-General of the Conference on Disarmament and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Conference, I would like to update you on the progress made in the discussions regarding the prevention of the arms race in outer space, also known as PAROS in the disarmament community. Although the Conference has not been able to engage formally in substantive work on this issue for the past decade, no one disagrees as to the need to address the challenges facing space security. This was demonstrated during the Conference’s informal discussions on PAROS earlier in the year, continuing last year’s in-depth debate on transparency and confi dencebuilding measures and elements for a new treaty prohibiting an arms race in outer space. On 12 February 2008, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov tabled a Chinese–Russian draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons 3
4 in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects. There was considerable interest among the membership in discussing the provisions of this draft treaty. As you all know, the draft treaty has been submitted with a research mandate. This approach is supported by the Conference on Disarmament member states. Thus, the Conference—after carefully considering all types of proposals—should start negotiations on the treaty. Moreover, the Conference had an opportunity to interact with COPUOS, when its current Chairman, Gérard Brachet, briefed Conference members on the work of the Committee at the informal meeting held on 22 February 2008 in this chamber. It is my sincere hope that the Conference on Disarmament will reach agreement quickly on its priorities and begin substantive work on the issue of outer space, including consideration of the draft treaty, without delay. Next month, the United Nations fl ag will make a historic trip to the International Space Station. This is a symbolic reminder that outer space belongs to the human family, and that our exploration and use of outer space should be guided by the shared values and principles underpinning our organization. As the international community, it is our collective responsibility to fi nd a universal approach to space security. I trust that your exchanges here will make a valuable contribution to the ongoing debates on this vital issue.
Page 1 and 2: THE SIMONS FOUNDATION SECURE WORLD
Page 3 and 4: About the cover Cover photograph co
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Foreword .................
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD Outer space is an essentia
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNIDIR would like
Page 11 and 12: xii on the editorial board of The B
Page 13 and 14: xiv Victor VASILIEV Victor Vasiliev
Page 15 and 16: CONFERENCE SUMMARY The conference
Page 17 and 18: Another threat that we need to addr
Page 19 and 20: humanitarian workers to reach the e
Page 21 and 22: The question was raised as to wheth
Page 23 and 24: For this reasons, TCBMs and a treat
Page 25 and 26: cases actors should engage in consu
Page 27 and 28: Following the presentations by the
Page 29 and 30: Could stated national policies, if
Page 31 and 32: the contrary. Rules in space became
Page 33 and 34: effects of space weather, and of co
Page 35: 2 space activities, it has become c
Page 39 and 40: SPACE GENERATION ADVISORY COUNCIL A
Page 41 and 42: The fi rst issue is space debris. S
Page 43 and 44: avoid confl ict by prohibiting weap
Page 45 and 46: 14 For its devastating power, the d
Page 47 and 48: 16 papers elaborating our views on
Page 49 and 50: DOWN TO EARTH: A SOLUTION TO A GLOB
Page 51 and 52: for life on Mars could have a numbe
Page 53 and 54: Combining their expertise in mass s
Page 55 and 56: 26 Perhaps the most widespread civi
Page 57 and 58: 28 strengthen disaster preparedness
Page 59 and 60: 30 solutions for human security, pe
Page 61 and 62: 32 and other small particles. There
Page 63 and 64: NEXT GENERATION SPACE SECURITY CHAL
Page 65 and 66: This is a summary of all objects in
Page 67 and 68: Table 2. Worldwide space situationa
Page 69 and 70: was on par with one another at roug
Page 71 and 72: challenge to the international comm
Page 73 and 74: Notes 1 This research has been made
Page 75 and 76: NO HARMFUL INTERFERENCE WITH SPACE
Page 77 and 78: and the second Strategic Arms Reduc
Page 79 and 80: as well as terrestrial capabilities
Page 81 and 82: The Henry L. Stimson Center, in col
Page 83 and 84: The critics are right to recall tha
Page 85 and 86: forums. It could be negotiated by a
Page 87 and 88:
precedent for non-interference with
Page 89 and 90:
TRANSPARENCY AND CONFIDENCE-BUILDIN
Page 91 and 92:
IADC’s terms of reference also pr
Page 93 and 94:
actions. As these groups develop co
Page 95 and 96:
TRANSPARENCY AND CONFIDENCE-BUILDIN
Page 97 and 98:
In addition, strict compliance with
Page 99 and 100:
in considering eventual confi dence
Page 101 and 102:
The above-mentioned measures are no
Page 103 and 104:
Notes 1 General Assembly, Special R
Page 105 and 106:
SAFEGUARDING OUTER SPACE: ON THE RO
Page 107 and 108:
mechanisms under permanent review,
Page 109 and 110:
thereby and which may run counter t
Page 111 and 112:
the discretion of that state—henc
Page 113 and 114:
condition of “common agreement”
Page 115 and 116:
Foundation, and Rebecca Johnson, di
Page 117 and 118:
ANNEX Buenos Aires International In
Page 119 and 120:
Refusal to hold consultations, or t
Page 121 and 122:
confi rmation thirty days after the
Page 123 and 124:
States Parties to the Treaty shall
Page 125 and 126:
space law, UN document A/AC.105/C.2
Page 127 and 128:
104 a potential direct threat to ma
Page 129 and 130:
106 SPACE LAW: MANY PRINCIPLES, NO
Page 131 and 132:
108 of government and corporate sta
Page 133 and 134:
110 growth will be badly hurt if th
Page 135 and 136:
112 and samples of residual materia
Page 137 and 138:
114 outer space beyond the geostati
Page 139 and 140:
116 Virgin Galactic had to obtain t
Page 141 and 142:
118 air and space traffi c in the i
Page 143 and 144:
120 aviation and space weather comm
Page 145 and 146:
122 could play a role in lowering o
Page 147 and 148:
124 In other word, space security i
Page 149 and 150:
126 a second meeting of the informa
Page 151 and 152:
128 ANNEX SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION G
Page 153 and 154:
130 Guideline 1: Limit debris relea
Page 155 and 156:
132 that survives to reach the surf
Page 157 and 158:
FROM SPACE DOMINANCE TO EQUITABLE R
Page 159 and 160:
The United States has never conduct
Page 161 and 162:
space for any purposes that the Uni
Page 163 and 164:
provide adequate reassurance that n
Page 165 and 166:
SESSION IV TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS:
Page 167 and 168:
146 such weapons, if deployed in ou
Page 169 and 170:
148 DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE OF A PPWT
Page 171 and 172:
150 preamble—aims of a new treaty
Page 173 and 174:
RUSSIAN-CHINESE SPACE-WEAPONS-BAN P
Page 175 and 176:
this issue would ensure that a trea
Page 177 and 178:
outer space is fundamentally import
Page 179 and 180:
160 it is formed, what power it has
Page 181 and 182:
162 ought to be illegal (or, ought
Page 183 and 184:
164 two specifi c ASAT activities:
Page 185 and 186:
166 CIL has always been an importan
Page 187 and 188:
168 neutral space assets, even if t
Page 189 and 190:
170 Despite that fi stful of treati
Page 191 and 192:
172 in combat. Outer space is, of c
Page 193 and 194:
SESSION V NEXT GENERATION, NEXT STE
Page 195 and 196:
178 the ability to secure borders,
Page 197 and 198:
180 and the Chinese in 2007 have le
Page 199 and 200:
182 LIMITING ORBITAL DEBRIS FORMATI
Page 201 and 202:
184 nations, an essential ingredien
Page 203 and 204:
SPACE SECURITY AND SATELLITE APPLIC
Page 205 and 206:
ROLE OF UNOSAT The initial idea of
Page 207 and 208:
CANADA’S PERSPECTIVE ON SPACE SEC
Page 209 and 210:
The draft treaty on the Prevention
Page 211:
ACRONYMS ASAT anti-satellite weapon
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