Security in Space The Next Generation - UNIDIR

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In addition to the satellite applications given above, a particular reference needs to be made to a number of crucial applications that are currently utilized, or which hold the promise of facilitating the achievements of the MDGs. Agriculture plays a crucial role in the eradication of poverty and hunger in the world. Satellite technology has been used to monitor and forecast weather for farmers and to monitoring crop development to help predict agricultural outputs in advance. Such information is crucial in assessing vulnerability and managing food security. Satellite imagery can also assist in identifying areas at risk from natural phenomena, locusts for example, thus providing valuable information that can be used in undertaking remedial action. In the fi elds of education and health, satellite communications can be used to reach the most remote areas for distance education, as well as for monitoring public health and providing tele-health services. SOME UN PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES TO PROMOTE THE USE OF SATELLITE APPLICATIONS United Nations entities such as the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Food Programme (WFP) have for some time now worked with governments and non-governmental actors to strengthen information systems to mange disasters. One example of this is the FAO/UNEP Global Land Cover Network, which provides reliable baseline land-cover data. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Space Programme coordinates environmental satellite matters and activities throughout all WMO Programmes and provides guidance on the potential of remotesensing techniques in meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines and applications. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT), created in 2001 and implemented in cooperation with the UN Offi ce for Project Services (UNOPS) and the European Organization of High Energy Physics (CERN), is a people-centred programme that delivers integrated satellite-based 29
30 solutions for human security, peace and socio-economic development, in keeping with the mandate given to UNITAR by the UN General Assembly since 1965, and relying on the fl exibility and result-oriented management capability of UNOPS. UNOSAT has in recent years played a key role in responding to major disasters, such as the Indian Ocean tsunami and the Pakistan earthquake. Under the UN Programme on Space Applications, the United Nations Offi ce for Space Affairs (UNOOSA) aims at providing the expertise required to ensure the full use of the potential of space technology, particularly in developing countries. It conducts international workshops, training courses and pilot projects on topics that include remote sensing, satellite navigation, satellite meteorology, tele-education and basic space sciences for the benefi t of developing nations. In 2006, the UN General Assembly agreed on the establishment of the UN Platform for Space-Based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER). This programme focuses on the need to ensure access to and use of such solutions during all phases of a disaster, including the risk-reduction phase which will signifi cantly contribute to reducing loss of lives, livelihoods and property. The UN-SPIDER programme hopes to achieve this by being a gateway to space information for disaster management support, by serving as a bridge to connect the disaster management and space communities and by being a facilitator of capacity-building and institutional strengthening, in particular for developing countries. UN-SPIDER will be implemented as an open network of providers of space-based solutions to support disaster management activities. UNOOSA also serves as the Secretariat for the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, an international forum established in 2006 (with recognition from the UN General Assembly) to discuss cooperation on Global Navigation Satellite Systems and to promote the applications of such systems to maximize their benefi ts to people around the world.
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THE SIMONS FOUNDATION SECURE WORLD
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About the cover Cover photograph co
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CONTENTS Foreword .................
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD Outer space is an essentia
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNIDIR would like
Page 11 and 12: xii on the editorial board of The B
Page 13 and 14: xiv Victor VASILIEV Victor Vasiliev
Page 15 and 16: CONFERENCE SUMMARY The conference
Page 17 and 18: Another threat that we need to addr
Page 19 and 20: humanitarian workers to reach the e
Page 21 and 22: The question was raised as to wheth
Page 23 and 24: For this reasons, TCBMs and a treat
Page 25 and 26: cases actors should engage in consu
Page 27 and 28: Following the presentations by the
Page 29 and 30: Could stated national policies, if
Page 31 and 32: the contrary. Rules in space became
Page 33 and 34: effects of space weather, and of co
Page 35 and 36: 2 space activities, it has become c
Page 37 and 38: 4 in Outer Space, the Threat or Use
Page 39 and 40: SPACE GENERATION ADVISORY COUNCIL A
Page 41 and 42: The fi rst issue is space debris. S
Page 43 and 44: avoid confl ict by prohibiting weap
Page 45 and 46: 14 For its devastating power, the d
Page 47 and 48: 16 papers elaborating our views on
Page 49 and 50: DOWN TO EARTH: A SOLUTION TO A GLOB
Page 51 and 52: for life on Mars could have a numbe
Page 53 and 54: Combining their expertise in mass s
Page 55 and 56: 26 Perhaps the most widespread civi
Page 57: 28 strengthen disaster preparedness
Page 61 and 62: 32 and other small particles. There
Page 63 and 64: NEXT GENERATION SPACE SECURITY CHAL
Page 65 and 66: This is a summary of all objects in
Page 67 and 68: Table 2. Worldwide space situationa
Page 69 and 70: was on par with one another at roug
Page 71 and 72: challenge to the international comm
Page 73 and 74: Notes 1 This research has been made
Page 75 and 76: NO HARMFUL INTERFERENCE WITH SPACE
Page 77 and 78: and the second Strategic Arms Reduc
Page 79 and 80: as well as terrestrial capabilities
Page 81 and 82: The Henry L. Stimson Center, in col
Page 83 and 84: The critics are right to recall tha
Page 85 and 86: forums. It could be negotiated by a
Page 87 and 88: precedent for non-interference with
Page 89 and 90: TRANSPARENCY AND CONFIDENCE-BUILDIN
Page 91 and 92: IADC’s terms of reference also pr
Page 93 and 94: actions. As these groups develop co
Page 95 and 96: TRANSPARENCY AND CONFIDENCE-BUILDIN
Page 97 and 98: In addition, strict compliance with
Page 99 and 100: in considering eventual confi dence
Page 101 and 102: The above-mentioned measures are no
Page 103 and 104: Notes 1 General Assembly, Special R
Page 105 and 106: SAFEGUARDING OUTER SPACE: ON THE RO
Page 107 and 108: mechanisms under permanent review,
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thereby and which may run counter t
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the discretion of that state—henc
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condition of “common agreement”
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Foundation, and Rebecca Johnson, di
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ANNEX Buenos Aires International In
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Refusal to hold consultations, or t
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confi rmation thirty days after the
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States Parties to the Treaty shall
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space law, UN document A/AC.105/C.2
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104 a potential direct threat to ma
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106 SPACE LAW: MANY PRINCIPLES, NO
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108 of government and corporate sta
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110 growth will be badly hurt if th
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112 and samples of residual materia
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114 outer space beyond the geostati
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116 Virgin Galactic had to obtain t
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118 air and space traffi c in the i
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120 aviation and space weather comm
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122 could play a role in lowering o
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124 In other word, space security i
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126 a second meeting of the informa
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128 ANNEX SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION G
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130 Guideline 1: Limit debris relea
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132 that survives to reach the surf
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FROM SPACE DOMINANCE TO EQUITABLE R
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The United States has never conduct
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space for any purposes that the Uni
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provide adequate reassurance that n
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SESSION IV TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS:
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146 such weapons, if deployed in ou
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148 DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE OF A PPWT
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150 preamble—aims of a new treaty
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RUSSIAN-CHINESE SPACE-WEAPONS-BAN P
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this issue would ensure that a trea
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outer space is fundamentally import
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160 it is formed, what power it has
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162 ought to be illegal (or, ought
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164 two specifi c ASAT activities:
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166 CIL has always been an importan
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168 neutral space assets, even if t
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170 Despite that fi stful of treati
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172 in combat. Outer space is, of c
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SESSION V NEXT GENERATION, NEXT STE
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178 the ability to secure borders,
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180 and the Chinese in 2007 have le
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182 LIMITING ORBITAL DEBRIS FORMATI
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184 nations, an essential ingredien
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SPACE SECURITY AND SATELLITE APPLIC
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ROLE OF UNOSAT The initial idea of
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CANADA’S PERSPECTIVE ON SPACE SEC
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The draft treaty on the Prevention
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ACRONYMS ASAT anti-satellite weapon
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