Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
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artificial hells<br />
company publicity’, wrote Caroline Tisdall in <strong>the</strong> Guardian. 23 ‘One is<br />
immediately struck by <strong>the</strong> atmosphere that has been created here. It is <strong>the</strong><br />
atmosphere <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> boardroom, <strong>of</strong> “top- level” managerial meetings’, opined<br />
Guy Brett in The Times. 24 For Nigel Gosling, writing in <strong>the</strong> Observer, ‘The<br />
gallery displays various subjects held up for non- commercial analysis –<br />
town- planning, hospital treatment, mining, shipping, etc. – besides live<br />
samples <strong>of</strong> boardroom discussion which must strike fear ra<strong>the</strong>r than hope<br />
in any innocent breast.’ 25 It is striking that all three newspaper critics focus<br />
on <strong>the</strong> exhibition’s bureaucratic atmosphere, a corporate variant on what<br />
Benjamin Buchloh subsequently termed conceptual art’s ‘aes<strong>the</strong>tic <strong>of</strong><br />
administration’. 26 This atmosphere prompted anxiety because it seemed<br />
insuffi ciently distanced from <strong>the</strong> political conservatism that <strong>the</strong> corporate<br />
world connoted; indeed, it seemed to signal collaboration with – or capitulation<br />
to – <strong>the</strong> managerial, ra<strong>the</strong>r than critical distance towards it. This is<br />
certainly how <strong>the</strong> artist Gustav Metzger responded to ‘Inno70’: for him, <strong>the</strong><br />
problem <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hayward show was less aes<strong>the</strong>tic than ideological, being<br />
symptomatic <strong>of</strong> APG’s operation in shamelessly attempting ‘to penetrate<br />
<strong>the</strong> richest powers in <strong>the</strong> l<strong>and</strong> – <strong>the</strong> giant industrial corporations’. 27 He was<br />
repelled by <strong>the</strong> exhibition for trying to steer two mutually opposed groups<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r into dialogue (young artists <strong>and</strong> powerful corporations) <strong>and</strong><br />
taking what he called ‘The Middle Way’, since ‘The history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> twentieth<br />
century has shown that this always leads to <strong>the</strong> Right.’ 28<br />
The most searing (<strong>and</strong> politically informed) critique <strong>of</strong> APG’s show<br />
was by <strong>the</strong> Marxist critic Peter Fuller. His arguments are useful to rehearse<br />
here since <strong>the</strong>y recur in contemporary debates about APG <strong>and</strong> its relation<br />
to <strong>the</strong> corporate world. 29 Fuller, on <strong>the</strong> one h<strong>and</strong>, noted that <strong>the</strong> premise <strong>of</strong><br />
APG’s placements should be recognised as impressive: getting companies<br />
to agree to sponsor artists who were <strong>the</strong>re explicitly to work against <strong>the</strong><br />
pr<strong>of</strong>i t motive was no small achievement, <strong>and</strong> he admitted that this agreement<br />
alone must surely ‘make some impact on <strong>the</strong> conventional criteria by<br />
which decisions are made in large fi rms’. 30 On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r h<strong>and</strong>, he felt that<br />
APG were naive to place an artist in an organisation <strong>and</strong> declare him automatically<br />
to be a free agent. 31 For Fuller, <strong>the</strong> system <strong>of</strong> collaboration<br />
proposed between APG <strong>and</strong> corporations was fl awed from <strong>the</strong> start since<br />
power relations were stacked against <strong>the</strong> artist. He cites <strong>the</strong> experience <strong>of</strong><br />
Brisley, who argued against APG’s management- level approach <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
contractual promise not to harm <strong>the</strong> host companies, which removed <strong>the</strong><br />
artist’s right to fi nd fault. 32 Fuller takes glee in relaying <strong>the</strong> following<br />
dialogue: ‘Latham admits to having no knowledge <strong>of</strong> Marx – “I’ve never<br />
read him”, he says. His wife, Barbara, is even more illuminating on this<br />
point: “I am very interested in all that Russian thing . . . my fa<strong>the</strong>r was a<br />
Russian. Trotsky, did you say. No, I don’t know him; who is Trotsky<br />
anyway?” ’ 33 Fuller’s point is not that artists should have a working knowledge<br />
<strong>of</strong> Marx <strong>and</strong> Trotsky, but that Latham <strong>and</strong> Steveni were too ready to<br />
170