Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
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notes to pages 54– 8<br />
Mystery- Bouffe in just over fi ve months. Trotsky, however, expressed<br />
reservations about Mayakovsky’s success when leaving ‘his individualist<br />
orbit’ <strong>and</strong> attempting ‘to enter <strong>the</strong> orbit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Revolution’. (Trotsky,<br />
Literature <strong>and</strong> Revolution, pp. 187– 8.)<br />
44 Platon Mikhailovich Kerzhentsev, Tvorcheskii Theatr, 1923, cited in<br />
Robert Leach, Revolutionary Theatre, London: Routledge, 1994, p. 23.<br />
45 Carter, The New Theatre <strong>and</strong> Cinema <strong>of</strong> Soviet Russia, p. 89.<br />
46 Kerzhentsev, Tvorcheskii Theatr, p. 38, cited by Katerina Clark, Petersburg:<br />
Crucible <strong>of</strong> Revolution, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,<br />
1995, p. 125.<br />
47 Viktor Shklovsky, cited in Lynn Mally, Culture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Future: The Proletkult<br />
Movement in Revolutionary Russia, Berkeley: University <strong>of</strong> California<br />
Press, 1990, p. 245.<br />
48 Carter, The New Theatre <strong>and</strong> Cinema <strong>of</strong> Soviet Russia, p. 103.<br />
49 Robert Leach gives <strong>the</strong> example <strong>of</strong> workers producing <strong>the</strong> play Don’t Go on<br />
<strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> analysing <strong>the</strong> social relations depicted in a painting in <strong>the</strong>ir club<br />
room. See Leach, Revolutionary Theatre, p. 39.<br />
50 Clark, Petersburg, p. 110.<br />
51 Lunacharsky, cited in Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat <strong>of</strong> Enlightenment:<br />
Soviet Organization <strong>of</strong> Education <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Art</strong>s under Lunacharsky,<br />
October 1917– 1921, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970, pp.<br />
146– 7.<br />
52 Kerzhentsev, ‘The Proletarian Theatre’, in Rosenberg (ed.), Bolshevik<br />
Visions, p. 129. One solution was to adapt existing plays, such as Verhaeren’s<br />
Zor, by reducing <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hero <strong>and</strong> increasing <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
masses.<br />
53 Evgeny Zamyatin, ‘The Modern Russian Theatre’ (1931), in E. <strong>and</strong> C. R.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>fer (eds.), The Ardis Anthology <strong>of</strong> Russian Futurism, Ann Arbor,<br />
Michigan: Ardis, 1980, p. 204.<br />
54 Ibid., p. 205.<br />
55 For a more detailed contextual account, see Mel Gordon, ‘Eisenstein’s<br />
Later Work at <strong>the</strong> Proletkult’, TDR, 22:3, September 1978, pp. 111– 12.<br />
56 Jay Leyda, Kino: A History <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Russian <strong>and</strong> Soviet Film, London: Allen<br />
<strong>and</strong> Unwin, 1960, cited in Transform <strong>the</strong> World! Poetry Must be Made by<br />
All!, Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1969, p. 43.<br />
57 See John W. Casson, ‘Living Newspaper: Theatre <strong>and</strong> Therapy’, TDR,<br />
44:2, Summer 2000, pp. 108– 9.<br />
58 See René Fülöp- Miller, The Mind <strong>and</strong> Face <strong>of</strong> Bolshevism: An Examination<br />
<strong>of</strong> Cultural Life in Soviet Russia, London <strong>and</strong> New York: Putnam’s<br />
Sons, 1965 (fi rst published 1927), Chapter 7.<br />
59 Gray, The Great Experiment, pp. 217– 18. Gray’s source was a participant<br />
in <strong>the</strong> event, <strong>the</strong> Constructivist architect Berthold Lubetkin (p. 309,<br />
note 7).<br />
60 Platon Mikhailovich Kerzhentsev, Das Schöpferische Theater, Hamburg,<br />
299