Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
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incidental people<br />
dismiss <strong>the</strong> usual ways <strong>of</strong> looking at society <strong>and</strong> verbalising political ideas<br />
despite having no real knowledge <strong>of</strong> what <strong>the</strong>se involve (‘one would have<br />
thought that for anyone intent on transforming capitalism, <strong>and</strong> imposing<br />
an alternative value structure not based on <strong>the</strong> commercial premise, or <strong>the</strong><br />
“pr<strong>of</strong>i t motive”, at least a minimal knowledge <strong>of</strong> Marxist <strong>the</strong>ory would<br />
have been obligatory’). 34<br />
Fuller has a point, but completely misunderst<strong>and</strong>s Latham’s idiosyncratic<br />
artistic thinking, which was akin to a total cosmology. For Latham,<br />
<strong>the</strong> artist as Incidental Person transcends party politics <strong>and</strong> ‘takes <strong>the</strong> st<strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> a third ideological position which is <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> plane <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir obvious collision<br />
areas’. 35 Latham’s thinking was informed by two scientists he had met<br />
in <strong>the</strong> mid 1950s, Clive Gregory <strong>and</strong> Anita Kohsen, who invited him to be<br />
a founding member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir project, <strong>the</strong> Institute for <strong>the</strong> Study <strong>of</strong> Mental<br />
Images; in parallel with <strong>the</strong>m he developed his own complex, ra<strong>the</strong>r longwinded<br />
system for underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>the</strong> world. Like Gregory <strong>and</strong> Kohsen,<br />
Latham believed that human confl icts arose through an absence <strong>of</strong> an overarching<br />
<strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> mankind, which <strong>the</strong>y set about producing by identifying<br />
common features across multiple disciplines; one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> central ideas to<br />
emerge from this was a <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> ‘event- structure’, in which <strong>the</strong> ‘least<br />
event’ is <strong>the</strong> minimum unit <strong>of</strong> existence. Ano<strong>the</strong>r key idea for Latham was<br />
<strong>the</strong> ‘Delta unit’ (∆), a new way to measure human development, <strong>and</strong> moreover<br />
to determine <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> a work <strong>of</strong> art, by measuring its importance not<br />
in monetary terms but through <strong>the</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> awareness it produces (from<br />
unconsciousness to <strong>the</strong> most heightened state) over a sustained period. 36 This<br />
idea was key to APG, since <strong>the</strong> organisation as a whole was committed to <strong>the</strong><br />
long- term effects <strong>of</strong> artistic intervention in society, ra<strong>the</strong>r than seeking short-<br />
term demonstrable goals. 37 For Latham, <strong>the</strong> mysterious dynamism <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Delta unit could surpass in a new great social force both capitalism <strong>and</strong><br />
socialism, which he derided as ‘mere stratifi ed habits <strong>of</strong> thought that have<br />
little to do with change’. 38 In order to convey <strong>the</strong>se inversions <strong>of</strong> conventional<br />
thinking, Latham devised a specifi c vocabulary: ‘books’ became<br />
‘skoob’, ‘noit’ reversed <strong>the</strong> suffi x normally used to denote abstractions (‘-<br />
tion’), while <strong>the</strong> word ‘artist’ was replaced by <strong>the</strong> unromantic <strong>and</strong> contingent<br />
category <strong>of</strong> ‘Incidental Person’. As a new cultural term, Steveni later<br />
explained, <strong>the</strong> Incidental Person ‘applies particularly to those in whom<br />
specifi c formulative abilities are apparent. It indicates a broader area <strong>of</strong> practice<br />
(e.g. “multimedia”) <strong>and</strong> a specifi c concern with “art in context” ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
than with “painting”, “sculpture”, <strong>and</strong> so on.’ 39 As such, <strong>the</strong> Incidental<br />
Person seems to presage <strong>the</strong> job description <strong>of</strong> many contemporary artists<br />
who undertake projects in <strong>the</strong> social sphere <strong>and</strong> are required to deploy a<br />
broad range <strong>of</strong> social skills that go beyond <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> objects for visual<br />
consumption. The replacement <strong>of</strong> heavy industry by a service economy has<br />
also allowed APG to seem a forerunner <strong>of</strong> recent attempts to remodel <strong>the</strong><br />
fl exible worker along artistic lines (as discussed in Chapter 1).<br />
171