Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...
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incidental people<br />
Breakwell’s experience – being part <strong>of</strong> an interdisciplinary research team<br />
– is exceptional in <strong>the</strong> panorama <strong>of</strong> APG placements, where <strong>the</strong> artist is<br />
more usually a lone individual. 44 It also differed from o<strong>the</strong>r placements in<br />
having a m<strong>and</strong>ate to directly improve <strong>the</strong> object <strong>of</strong> research. Although <strong>the</strong><br />
hospitals in question were unhappy with his APG placement, Breakwell<br />
went on to a second phase <strong>of</strong> collaboration with <strong>the</strong> DHSS, devising <strong>the</strong><br />
Reminiscence Aids Project, which was eventually implemented with <strong>the</strong><br />
help <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> charity Age Concern in 1981. 45<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r well- known placement from <strong>the</strong> later 1970s, which anticipates<br />
<strong>the</strong> last decade’s infatuation with archival art, is Stuart Brisley’s<br />
History Within Living Memory for Peterlee New Town, one <strong>of</strong> eight ‘new<br />
towns’ planned after <strong>the</strong> Second World War to deal with housing shortages<br />
in impoverished areas. 46 Despite his political disagreements with<br />
APG, Brisley leapt at <strong>the</strong> opportunity to work in a nor<strong>the</strong>rn mining<br />
community. 47 When he arrived <strong>the</strong>re in 1976– 77, new housing had been<br />
allocated to people from <strong>the</strong> surrounding villages, but Peterlee itself was<br />
a town without history. Faced with a dearth <strong>of</strong> culture <strong>and</strong> community,<br />
Brisley set about producing an archive <strong>of</strong> photographs <strong>and</strong> interviews<br />
with <strong>the</strong> local populace, constructing a history for <strong>the</strong> town from 1900 to<br />
<strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> his arrival, 1976, which he defi ned as <strong>the</strong> period <strong>of</strong> ‘living<br />
memory’. 48 Signifi cantly, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> models for this project came from<br />
community arts: <strong>the</strong> Hackney Writers Workshop, in East London, in<br />
which non- pr<strong>of</strong>essional writers produced <strong>the</strong>ir own history through individual<br />
life stories. 49<br />
Brisley worked with a retired <strong>and</strong> disabled former stone mason (Mr<br />
Parker) to mediate his idea to <strong>the</strong> immediate community; he secured for<br />
him a paid position within Peterlee’s Social Development department,<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r with fi ve women who were trained to use recording equipment<br />
<strong>and</strong> undertake <strong>the</strong> interviews that would form <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> archive. This<br />
constituted <strong>the</strong> fi rst phase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project; <strong>the</strong> second was to commission <strong>the</strong><br />
Sociology Department <strong>of</strong> Durham University to write a history <strong>of</strong> Peterlee<br />
Development Corporation (PDC); <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> third phase was to organise a<br />
series <strong>of</strong> community workshops, by which <strong>the</strong> local populace could place<br />
questions directly to <strong>the</strong> PDC. 50 The latter two phases were ab<strong>and</strong>oned in<br />
1978 when Peterlee’s administration was h<strong>and</strong>ed over to Easington District<br />
Council; what remained was a heritage centre ra<strong>the</strong>r than a living archive,<br />
albeit one with over 2,000 photos <strong>and</strong> over 100 interviews. Unlike <strong>the</strong><br />
‘archival impulse’ <strong>of</strong> much contemporary art, in which an accumulation <strong>of</strong><br />
oral histories, documents <strong>and</strong> photographs are amassed into an aes<strong>the</strong>ticised<br />
display for <strong>the</strong> general public, Brisley’s project was conceived for a<br />
specifi c constituency as an expression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir heritage.<br />
Signifi cantly, Brisley today is adamant that what he produced in<br />
Peterlee is an archive, <strong>and</strong> not a work <strong>of</strong> art – even though he exhibited<br />
it at <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Art</strong>s Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne, during Autumn<br />
173