Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship - autonomous ...

artificial hells
ends. 34 As such, industry engages in a perverse act (reducing human
actions to a functional tool, fi xated on doing only one thing) while at the
same time expelling as perverse everything that overruns and exceeds this
functional gesture. Klossowski argues that art (which comes under his
category of ‘simulacre’) is thought to die in this domain of excess because
it is not functional, but in fact art should also be seen as a tool, since it is
compensatory and creates new experiences (‘l’usage, c’est- à- dire, la jouissance’).
35 Klossowski pressures the dialectic of use and non- use, the
functional and the non- functional, to argue that industrial processes and
art are both libidinal and rational, since the drives ignore such externally
imposed distinctions. Humans are ‘living currency’, and money is the
mediator between libidinal pleasure and the industrial/ institutional world
of normative imposition.
Using this to interpret performance art, Bal- Blanc argues that the whole
impulse to produce ‘open form’ in the 1970s is an inversion or reversal of
the industrial system, which is itself a form of perversion. 36 Artists today
are therefore redefi ning transgression by making a dual appeal to the reifi -
cation of the body on the one hand, and to the embodiment of the object on
the other, two poles that he sums up in the evocative oxymorons ‘living/
object’ and ‘inanimate/ body’. It is no coincidence that delegated performance
makes up the majority of works exhibited in ‘La Monnaie Vivante’,
but Bal- Blanc places these paid bodies alongside the performance of
conceptual art instructions (such as those of Lawrence Weiner) and more
obviously participatory works (such as Lygia Clark’s Caminhando, 1963, or
‘La Monnaie Vivante’, 6th Berlin Biennale for Contemporary Art, 2010. Franz Erhard Walther,
Standing Piece in Three Sections, 1975 (foreground); Santiago Sierra, 111 Constructions Made with
10 Modules and 10 Workers, 2004 (background).
234