The_Open_Door_deel1

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-266- thousand board feet for logs intended for export (the latter distinction was introduced in an attempt to encourage local processing of the timber) or any timber product cut for commercial use and sold (whether locally or for export). The new rates replaced the 1940 rate of 2 cents per board foot of logs, timber and planks. Another noteworthy obligation of the concessionaire was his responsibility to furnish the Chief of the Bureau of Forest Conservation with monthly reports containing information with respect to the sale of products and divided into the (two) classifications which determine the stumpage fee or excise tax due (25). In 1959 the Government Forest Reserves which were provided for in the 1953 Forestry Conservation Act were effectively created in the "National Forests of Liberia". These became protected forest areas to be used for industrial i.e. commercial, development purposes and not available for agriculture ("shifting cultivation") by the tribal people. In the mid-1970's these National Forests numbered fifteen and covered a total area of nearly,4-2 million acres (about 16? of the country's total land area). Table 18 shows their acreage. The forestry potential of Liberia being concentrated in the southeastern part of the country it is not surprising to note that 60? of the total area of National Forests are situated in the southeastern region. Two single National_Forests, the Grebo National Forest and the Krahn-Bassa National Forest - both located in the South-eastern part of the country - together represent over 45? of the total area designated National Forest. The third largest National Forest covers an area of over half a million acres (the Gola National Forest) and lies in Northwestern Liberia which region included a total of 1.6 million acres of National Forests (representing 37-5? of the total National Forest Area). Only 2.5? of the total National Forest area is located in Northern Liberia. Administration of the Forestry Sector Until 1948 there were in Liberia no well-trained, professional Liberian foresters. Probably the first professional Liberian forester was"Stephen A. Tolbert who in 1945 had been granted a (Liberian) Government scholarship (to study in the U.S.A.) and who returned three years later with an M. A. in Forestry. In 1948 the National Forest Service was created (modelled to a large extent after the U.S. Forest Service) within the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, and Stephen Tolbert became its first Director. Holsoe (see above) and Stephen Tolbert were highly instrumental in the transformation of this National Forest Service into the Bureau of Forest Conservation
-267- TABLE 18 LIBERIA'S NATIONAL FORESTS IN THE MID-1970's (in acres) Area Size I. NORTH-WESTERN LIBERIA: Gola 511,485 Yoma-District 36,665 Kpelle 432,000 Lorma 107,500 North Lorma 247,100 Mt. Wutivi Park 71,000 Belle 164,000 Sub-total (1,569,750) II. NORTHERN LIBERIA West Nimba 32,000 East Nimba 71,650 Sub-total (103,650) III. SOUTH-EASTERN LIBERIA Grebo 620,000 Gio 81,370 North Gio 10,976 Gbi 150,656 Krahn-Bassa 1,270,000 Sapo 378,000 Sub-total (2,511,002) TOTAL OF ALL NATIONAL FORESTS 4,184,402 Source: - National Socio-Economic Development Plan, June 1976 - June 1980, p. 33.
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VEROFFENTLICHUNGEN AUS DEM UBERSEE-
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i 1 THE OPEN DOOR POLICY OF LIBERIA
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DE.B1CA710N For £IA. Together we s
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Vll CHAPTER 3: (continued) Page The
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ix CHAPTER 9: THE FORESTRY SECTOR P
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Footnotes Annexes Bibliography Inde
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xiii National Iron Ore Company, the
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XV China at the end of the 19th cen
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xvii economically more developed co
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XIX blancs, dans le developpement d
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XXI des Liberiens de toutes les cla
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xxiii DE OPEN DEUR POLITIEK VAN LIB
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XXV deze scheiding tussen kustgebie
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personeel - niet opgewassen was en
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\ I.M.F. i \ INTRUSCO i i j I.T.C.
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xxxi LIST OF FIGURES, MAPS, CHARTS
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TABLES (continued) Page 33 Planned
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XXXV TABLES (continued) 68 Exports
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II century, notably the Open Door P
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IV earth in Liberia. It had been th
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VI Tubman was very well aware of th
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VIII MAP 1
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exporters. It has attracted more th
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XII the more so, since no comprehen
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XIV development of rural Liberia, i
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XVI Firestone's financial contribut
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XVIII officer who had served in Lib
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XX Chapter 11 pays attention to one
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CHAPTER 1 THE PEPPER COAST BEFORE 1
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-3- "Malagueta Coast" or "Pepper Co
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-5- embarrassment towards a (growin
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in honor of the 5th President of th
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Numerous colonists from the U.S.A.
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-11- Figure 1
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-13- The'vicious circle started wit
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-15- the other - to the disadvantag
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-17- Of the colonists notably the A
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-19- The closing of the Door: The E
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-21- Consequently, both tribal peop
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The Roye Administration -23- The te
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-25- He also wanted the general edu
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-27- territory Liberia claimed by E
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m -29- The commission created in 18
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-31- re-activating the first conces
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-33- European. Its expense paid Ly
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-35- Treasury and an unfavourable e
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-37- their salaries. The resulting
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-39- Therefore President Howard of
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j -41- :j % One of the recommendati
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-43- twentieth century the Presiden
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-45- The British and French absence
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-47- In December 1923 the first mis
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-49- and he proposed the constructi
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-51- itself, upon acceptance of the
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-53- equal to 4 per cent of the cou
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-55- between the U.S.A. and Liberia
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-57- Government of Liberia agreed w
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-59- The expansion of the governmen
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-61- Another disagreement arose ove
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] -63- J Notes: ? : :i (1) Fireston
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-65- question had never been adequa
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-67- had varied from $ 8 million to
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-69- In order to protect the new co
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-71- capacity of 55,000 tyres, requ
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J -73j :i quantities of dry rubber
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-75- The charge of 3.44 cents per p
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-77- Finance in the 1970's, but owi
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-79- Planting Agreement was in Akro
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-81- on the basis of competitive pr
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-83- with the 7iresione Plantation
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-85- 1. Organization of a national
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-87- However, before he could reali
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-89- operation of the plantation. T
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j -91- i have taxed the portion of
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-93- in 1947, but also entrusted hi
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-95- company's main interest is no
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-97- poration for the period 1963 -
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-99- TABLE 4 LIBERIA COMPANY'S DIVI
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-101- 6 cents per acre had to be pa
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The Port near Greenville -103- Afte
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-105- rubber. Little is known of th
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-107- the management of the company
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j -109- } S taxes or imposts of any
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-111- The concession agreement, wit
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-113- concluded with other foreign
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-115- which is owned by a political
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-117- owners of the concession. The
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-119- eleven persons were: Vice-Pre
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-121- tain rights in cooperation wi
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-123- It is significant that despit
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-125- scribed above., providing suc
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-127- materials, the rights of the
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-129- the possibilities offered by
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I -131- sion, and sales to affiliat
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-133- concession area of 100,000 ac
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-135- such payments out of profit,"
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-137- tually all of these companies
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-139- The 1898 concession agreement
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-141- Normann, from England, which
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-143- to the English "Providence Mi
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-145- the company had in previous y
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-147- of "Globex Minerals (inc.)",
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-149- the excess acreage (38) does
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-151- old Tchien and Gbaepo Distric
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-153- only two of them referred to
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-155- not provide for a price of go
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-157- Meanwhile, the exploration ac
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-159- The excessively liberal terms
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-161- a concession for gold, diamon
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-163- difficulties which had to be
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-165- of 50? and which was of direc
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-167- The concessionaire became exe
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-169- These statements of the two s
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-171- Note that until i960 L.M.C.'s
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-173- salaries to ex-patriate perso
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-175- the - increased - capacity of
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-177- '••:] Sales Agreement bet
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-179- On January 3, 1963 a Memorand
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-181- L.M.C. would have acted in co
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-183- area described as the Bea Mou
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-185- Agreement signed by represent
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-187- geologists, economists and la
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CHRONOLOGY SUMMARIZED HISTORY OF L.
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-191- N.I.O.C. dated January 1, 196
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Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967
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-195- for further details of the 19
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-197- soon demonstrated by the call
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-199- of 3.2 million long tons in a
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-201- TABLE 10 FINANCIAL OBLIGATION
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-203- achievements were made in spi
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-205- After the change of the name
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-207- to concentrate on the new fin
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-209- one steel factory, in the cou
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-211- The Liberian Government owns
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-213- 1952, legal ownership of abou
Page 273 and 274: -215- Th is second part of the conc
Page 275 and 276: -217- one of its sixteen Swedish su
Page 277 and 278: -219- For these services G.I.M. is
Page 279 and 280: -221- Prior to 1974 fifty per cent
Page 281 and 282: -223- depreciation of (capital) equ
Page 283 and 284: -225- of the revision of the 1960 M
Page 285 and 286: i -227- 3 prescribing such a review
Page 287 and 288: -229- But now, having accepted bein
Page 289 and 290: -231- As a result of this review in
Page 291 and 292: -233- TABLE 14 FINANCIAL COSTS OF C
Page 293 and 294: DELIMCO/B.M.C. -235- Long-standing
Page 295 and 296: -237- equity participation (unlike
Page 297 and 298: Year 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
Page 299 and 300: -241- these funds to B.M.C. in the
Page 301 and 302: -243- negotiations which were held
Page 303 and 304: -245- S ources: - "Technical Inform
Page 305 and 306: -247- Prices of sales to affiliated
Page 307 and 308: S ource: -249- TABLE 17 INVESTMENTS
Page 309 and 310: -251- due time a mining concession
Page 311 and 312: -253- The 1967 concession agreement
Page 313 and 314: -255- Changes of the concession agr
Page 315 and 316: -257- Some reasons why the Wologisi
Page 317 and 318: -259- CHAPTER 9 THE FORESTRY SECTOR
Page 319 and 320: -261- Surveys of Liberia's Forest P
Page 321 and 322: -263- (see below) repealed the port
Page 323: -265- were authorized to issue perm
Page 327 and 328: -269- The Forestry Development Auth
Page 329 and 330: -271- TABLE 19 TIMBER CONCESSIONS G
Page 331 and 332: -273- TABLE 20 PRODUCTION OF TIMBER
Page 333 and 334: -275- Souree: - Annual Report, Depa
Page 335 and 336: -277- Attempts To Establish A Natio
Page 337 and 338: YEAR 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972
Page 339 and 340: -281- As a consequence the export v
Page 341 and 342: -283- December 31, 1977 Liberia lev
Page 343 and 344: Botanical Name Category 1 Ent, cyli
Page 345 and 346: -287- these 33 companies; year of s
Page 347 and 348: -289- were also the principal share
Page 349 and 350: -291- alleged corruption involving
Page 351 and 352: -293- It is important to note here
Page 353 and 354: CHAPTER 10 -295- FISCAL PERFORMANCE
Page 355 and 356: -297- expenditures in the period pr
Page 357 and 358: -299- In these years the debt servi
Page 359 and 360: -301- TABLE 28-A COMPARATIVE STATEM
Page 361 and 362: -303- the second half of the 1930's
Page 363 and 364: -305- first to benefit from this U.
Page 365 and 366: M -307- •' \ •:i TABLE 30 fSS]
Page 367 and 368: -309- Government Revenues 1941 - 19
Page 369 and 370: TABLE 31-B MAIN SOURCES OF DOMESTIC
Page 371 and 372: -313- situation renders the Treasur
Page 373 and 374: -315- The trend of public expenditu
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-317- •• \ During the 1950 's t
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-319- $ 117 million were due for re
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-321- In 1943 Liberia and the U.S.A
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Sector -323- TABLE 33 PLANNED EXPEN
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Type of Assistance I. Economic Asst
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THE 1963 - 1978 PERIOD Revenue Perf
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
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-335- of the Ministry of Finance wh
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-337- Development Planning and Expe
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1.1 Agriculture 2.1 Rural Roads 2.2
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-341- The Plan which was approved b
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-343- "Uhile the performance of the
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-345- TABLE 43 PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
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-347- The unenvisaged expenditures
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-349- Under the revised Plan total
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1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
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Note: (1) Preliminary figures. Auth
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-355- Bushrod Island; a new bridge
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-357- TABLE 51 U.H. ASSISTANCE TO L
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-359- happened in a haphazard way.
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-361- The (investment) activities o
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-363- '••] the most organized a
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-365- exploited this situation by s
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-367- all offered staff positions o
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-369- allied to the Tolbert clan bu
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-371- history, secrets and traditio
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-373- At the time of the arrival of
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-375- The very few books which inde
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GOVERNMENT. MISSION. PRIVATE. TRIBA
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-379- TABLE 54 1962 POPULATION AND
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-381- about 19,000 were between 5 a
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-383- Liberia College in 1862. Elem
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-385- mark of 70$. This shocking an
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-387- The 1978 National Education S
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-389- TABLE 58-B SCHOOL ATTENDING P
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-391- TABLE 60 A. NUMBER OF STUDENT
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-393- It seems likely that the rela
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-395- Author's research based on th
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CHAPTER 12 -397- TRANSPORTATION AND
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-399- It thus facilitated the immed
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-401- how many people were employed
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GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTY
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-405- in Liberia was owned, finance
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-407- TABLE 65 ABSOLUTE AND RELATIV
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-409- were politically well covered
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-411- railroad which, with the exce
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-413- the concession sector (LAMCO)
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-415- 5 seater twin-engined Cessna
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-417- Besides, this segment of the
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-419- The telecommunication relay s
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-421- with Germany and hence affect
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-423- :: The 1960 - 1979 Period j F
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-425- with Sierra Leone is less tha
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-427- alarming (see Chapter 10), th
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-429- structural changes and the de
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-431- from roughly one third in 197
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-433- by Fouad Khalifa, a Lebanese,
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-435- The Government indebted itsel
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-437- a very large part of G.D.P. i
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-439- to the distribution of power,
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-441- heard. As early as 1830, but
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-U3- was wrongly thought in those d
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-445- 1962. In the 1950's the triba
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-447- Tubman Estate (66). Interesti
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-449- National Legislature, This de
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-451- The creation of state owned c
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-453- respect to foreign concession
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-455- II. The Government of Liberia
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-457- Most notable among these clau
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-459- ADDENDUM On April 12, 1980, a
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ISBN 3-88299-040-6 ISSN 0344-4317
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