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-390- The educational opportunities are very unequally divided between the sexes. The overall proportion of boys from the school age population who actually attended school was 40.7$ while that of the girls was only 23.2$. A closer examination of this characteristic showed that educational opportunities for girls decrease with the increase of the educational level. Whereas in the elementary schools twice as many boys were enrolled, the senior high schools were attended by nearly three times as many boys. (Table 59). Of the 32 out of every 100 Liberian children who were so fortunate as to find a place in a school 20 went to a public school, 7 attended classes in a school run by missionaries, and 5 received instruction in a private school (individuals, companies, concessions). The ratio between students in public schools and students in non-public schools varies however significantly with the level of instruction. In general the ration is 2 : 1, notably at elementary and pre-elementary school level. Already at junior high school level a shift towards a higher proportion of students in non-public schools is noticable, with a ratio of 3 : 2, whereas at senior high school level the ratio has virtually become 1:1. (see Tables 60-A 60-B). This decreasing participation of the Liberian Government in Education, as the level of instruction increases, is further clear from Table 60-C which shows that 6$ of public school students were enrolled in senior high schools - with a corresponding figure of 10.5$ for the mission schools. The number of students enrolled in Government, Mission and other than Government and Mission Schools, by level taught, and by Country, are presented in Annex 27, 28 and 29 respectively. As is also shown in Table 60-C over 50$ of all students were enrolled in elementary schools. However, it is important to note that not all of these (elementary) schools were of equal importance or quality. No less than 410 schools did not provide the final grade (6th grade) whereas 150 did not even go beyond the 4th grade (see Annex 30 for further details). The pupils enrolled in the elementary schools of Montserrado County can in, this respect be considered to be the luckiest as in this county only 25.3$ of the elementary schools offered less than the 6th grade. The situation was extremely bad for two noncoastal counties (Lofa County and Grand Gedeh County) and for one coastal county (Grand Cape Mount County). Of all elementary schools which did not provide all six grades 45$ were located in the coastal counties whereas nearly 60$ of all elementary schools were located in these coastal counties. T,he lack of a school syllabus provides us with another indicator of the level of education offered. More than half of the country's schools did not have school syllabi, the situation being slightly better in the coastal counties than in the inland counties. Three out of four schools in Maryland County, Grand Gedeh County, and Nimba County did not have school syllabi. See Annex 31.
-391- TABLE 60 A. NUMBER OF STUDENTS BY LEVEL TAUGHT AND BY MANAGEMENT (1978) Kindergarten & Pre-Grade Elementary School Junior High School Senior High School GRAND TOTAL ALL LEVELS Government 1 Missions* 39,402 85,475 16,232 9,074 150.183 11,744 25,194 7,542 5,224 Others^ TOTAL 11,263 19,107 4,065 3,531 B. NUMBER OF STUDENTS BY LEVEL TAUGHT - AND BY MANAGEMENT Kindergarten & Pre-Grade Elementary School Junior High School Senior High School GRAND TOTAL ALL LEVELS 62,409 129,776 27,839 17,829 237,853 Government Missions Others TOTAL 63.1 65.9 58.3 50.9 63.1 18.8 19.4 27.1 29.3 20.9 18 .0 14 .7 H .6 19 .8 16 .0 C. NUMBER OF STUDENTS BY MANAGEMENT - AND BY LEVEL TAUGHT Kindergarten & Pre-Grade Elementary School Junior High School Senior High School GRAND TOTAL ALL LEVELS Source: - Annexes 27, 28 and 29. Government 26.2 56.9 10.8 6.0 100.0 Missions 23.6 50.7 15.2 10.5 100.0 Others 29.7 50.3 10.7 9-3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 TOTAL 26.2 54-6 11.7 7.5 100.0
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VEROFFENTLICHUNGEN AUS DEM UBERSEE-
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i 1 THE OPEN DOOR POLICY OF LIBERIA
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DE.B1CA710N For £IA. Together we s
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Vll CHAPTER 3: (continued) Page The
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ix CHAPTER 9: THE FORESTRY SECTOR P
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Footnotes Annexes Bibliography Inde
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xiii National Iron Ore Company, the
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XV China at the end of the 19th cen
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xvii economically more developed co
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XIX blancs, dans le developpement d
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XXI des Liberiens de toutes les cla
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xxiii DE OPEN DEUR POLITIEK VAN LIB
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XXV deze scheiding tussen kustgebie
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personeel - niet opgewassen was en
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\ I.M.F. i \ INTRUSCO i i j I.T.C.
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xxxi LIST OF FIGURES, MAPS, CHARTS
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TABLES (continued) Page 33 Planned
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XXXV TABLES (continued) 68 Exports
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II century, notably the Open Door P
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IV earth in Liberia. It had been th
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VI Tubman was very well aware of th
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VIII MAP 1
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exporters. It has attracted more th
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XII the more so, since no comprehen
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XIV development of rural Liberia, i
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XVI Firestone's financial contribut
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XVIII officer who had served in Lib
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XX Chapter 11 pays attention to one
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CHAPTER 1 THE PEPPER COAST BEFORE 1
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-3- "Malagueta Coast" or "Pepper Co
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-5- embarrassment towards a (growin
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in honor of the 5th President of th
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Numerous colonists from the U.S.A.
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-11- Figure 1
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-13- The'vicious circle started wit
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-15- the other - to the disadvantag
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-17- Of the colonists notably the A
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-19- The closing of the Door: The E
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-21- Consequently, both tribal peop
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The Roye Administration -23- The te
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-25- He also wanted the general edu
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-27- territory Liberia claimed by E
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m -29- The commission created in 18
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-31- re-activating the first conces
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-33- European. Its expense paid Ly
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-35- Treasury and an unfavourable e
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-37- their salaries. The resulting
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-39- Therefore President Howard of
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j -41- :j % One of the recommendati
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-43- twentieth century the Presiden
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-45- The British and French absence
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-47- In December 1923 the first mis
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-49- and he proposed the constructi
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-51- itself, upon acceptance of the
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-53- equal to 4 per cent of the cou
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-55- between the U.S.A. and Liberia
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-57- Government of Liberia agreed w
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-59- The expansion of the governmen
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-61- Another disagreement arose ove
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] -63- J Notes: ? : :i (1) Fireston
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-65- question had never been adequa
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-67- had varied from $ 8 million to
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-69- In order to protect the new co
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-71- capacity of 55,000 tyres, requ
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J -73j :i quantities of dry rubber
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-75- The charge of 3.44 cents per p
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-77- Finance in the 1970's, but owi
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-79- Planting Agreement was in Akro
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-81- on the basis of competitive pr
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-83- with the 7iresione Plantation
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-85- 1. Organization of a national
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-87- However, before he could reali
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-89- operation of the plantation. T
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j -91- i have taxed the portion of
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-93- in 1947, but also entrusted hi
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-95- company's main interest is no
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-97- poration for the period 1963 -
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-99- TABLE 4 LIBERIA COMPANY'S DIVI
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-101- 6 cents per acre had to be pa
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The Port near Greenville -103- Afte
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-105- rubber. Little is known of th
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-107- the management of the company
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j -109- } S taxes or imposts of any
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-111- The concession agreement, wit
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-113- concluded with other foreign
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-115- which is owned by a political
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-117- owners of the concession. The
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-119- eleven persons were: Vice-Pre
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-121- tain rights in cooperation wi
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-123- It is significant that despit
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-125- scribed above., providing suc
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-127- materials, the rights of the
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-129- the possibilities offered by
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I -131- sion, and sales to affiliat
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-133- concession area of 100,000 ac
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-135- such payments out of profit,"
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-137- tually all of these companies
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-139- The 1898 concession agreement
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-141- Normann, from England, which
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-143- to the English "Providence Mi
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-145- the company had in previous y
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-147- of "Globex Minerals (inc.)",
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-149- the excess acreage (38) does
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-151- old Tchien and Gbaepo Distric
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-153- only two of them referred to
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-155- not provide for a price of go
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-157- Meanwhile, the exploration ac
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-159- The excessively liberal terms
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-161- a concession for gold, diamon
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-163- difficulties which had to be
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-165- of 50? and which was of direc
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-167- The concessionaire became exe
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-169- These statements of the two s
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-171- Note that until i960 L.M.C.'s
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-173- salaries to ex-patriate perso
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-175- the - increased - capacity of
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-177- '••:] Sales Agreement bet
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-179- On January 3, 1963 a Memorand
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-181- L.M.C. would have acted in co
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-183- area described as the Bea Mou
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-185- Agreement signed by represent
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-187- geologists, economists and la
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CHRONOLOGY SUMMARIZED HISTORY OF L.
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-191- N.I.O.C. dated January 1, 196
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Year 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967
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-195- for further details of the 19
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-197- soon demonstrated by the call
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-199- of 3.2 million long tons in a
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-201- TABLE 10 FINANCIAL OBLIGATION
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-203- achievements were made in spi
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-205- After the change of the name
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-207- to concentrate on the new fin
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-209- one steel factory, in the cou
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-211- The Liberian Government owns
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-213- 1952, legal ownership of abou
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-215- Th is second part of the conc
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-217- one of its sixteen Swedish su
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-219- For these services G.I.M. is
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-221- Prior to 1974 fifty per cent
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-223- depreciation of (capital) equ
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-225- of the revision of the 1960 M
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i -227- 3 prescribing such a review
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-229- But now, having accepted bein
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-231- As a result of this review in
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-233- TABLE 14 FINANCIAL COSTS OF C
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DELIMCO/B.M.C. -235- Long-standing
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-237- equity participation (unlike
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Year 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
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-241- these funds to B.M.C. in the
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-243- negotiations which were held
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-245- S ources: - "Technical Inform
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-247- Prices of sales to affiliated
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S ource: -249- TABLE 17 INVESTMENTS
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-251- due time a mining concession
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-253- The 1967 concession agreement
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-255- Changes of the concession agr
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-257- Some reasons why the Wologisi
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-259- CHAPTER 9 THE FORESTRY SECTOR
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-261- Surveys of Liberia's Forest P
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-263- (see below) repealed the port
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-265- were authorized to issue perm
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-267- TABLE 18 LIBERIA'S NATIONAL F
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-269- The Forestry Development Auth
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-271- TABLE 19 TIMBER CONCESSIONS G
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-273- TABLE 20 PRODUCTION OF TIMBER
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-275- Souree: - Annual Report, Depa
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-277- Attempts To Establish A Natio
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YEAR 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972
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-281- As a consequence the export v
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-283- December 31, 1977 Liberia lev
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Botanical Name Category 1 Ent, cyli
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-287- these 33 companies; year of s
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-289- were also the principal share
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-291- alleged corruption involving
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-293- It is important to note here
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CHAPTER 10 -295- FISCAL PERFORMANCE
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-297- expenditures in the period pr
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-299- In these years the debt servi
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-301- TABLE 28-A COMPARATIVE STATEM
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-303- the second half of the 1930's
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-305- first to benefit from this U.
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M -307- •' \ •:i TABLE 30 fSS]
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-309- Government Revenues 1941 - 19
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TABLE 31-B MAIN SOURCES OF DOMESTIC
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-313- situation renders the Treasur
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-315- The trend of public expenditu
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-317- •• \ During the 1950 's t
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-319- $ 117 million were due for re
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-321- In 1943 Liberia and the U.S.A
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Sector -323- TABLE 33 PLANNED EXPEN
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Type of Assistance I. Economic Asst
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THE 1963 - 1978 PERIOD Revenue Perf
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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Year 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
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1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
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-335- of the Ministry of Finance wh
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-337- Development Planning and Expe
Page 397 and 398: 1.1 Agriculture 2.1 Rural Roads 2.2
Page 399 and 400: -341- The Plan which was approved b
Page 401 and 402: -343- "Uhile the performance of the
Page 403 and 404: -345- TABLE 43 PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
Page 405 and 406: -347- The unenvisaged expenditures
Page 407 and 408: -349- Under the revised Plan total
Page 409 and 410: 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
Page 411 and 412: Note: (1) Preliminary figures. Auth
Page 413 and 414: -355- Bushrod Island; a new bridge
Page 415 and 416: -357- TABLE 51 U.H. ASSISTANCE TO L
Page 417 and 418: -359- happened in a haphazard way.
Page 419 and 420: -361- The (investment) activities o
Page 421 and 422: -363- '••] the most organized a
Page 423 and 424: -365- exploited this situation by s
Page 425 and 426: -367- all offered staff positions o
Page 427 and 428: -369- allied to the Tolbert clan bu
Page 429 and 430: -371- history, secrets and traditio
Page 431 and 432: -373- At the time of the arrival of
Page 433 and 434: -375- The very few books which inde
Page 435 and 436: GOVERNMENT. MISSION. PRIVATE. TRIBA
Page 437 and 438: -379- TABLE 54 1962 POPULATION AND
Page 439 and 440: -381- about 19,000 were between 5 a
Page 441 and 442: -383- Liberia College in 1862. Elem
Page 443 and 444: -385- mark of 70$. This shocking an
Page 445 and 446: -387- The 1978 National Education S
Page 447: -389- TABLE 58-B SCHOOL ATTENDING P
Page 451 and 452: -393- It seems likely that the rela
Page 453 and 454: -395- Author's research based on th
Page 455 and 456: CHAPTER 12 -397- TRANSPORTATION AND
Page 457 and 458: -399- It thus facilitated the immed
Page 459 and 460: -401- how many people were employed
Page 461 and 462: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTY
Page 463 and 464: -405- in Liberia was owned, finance
Page 465 and 466: -407- TABLE 65 ABSOLUTE AND RELATIV
Page 467 and 468: -409- were politically well covered
Page 469 and 470: -411- railroad which, with the exce
Page 471 and 472: -413- the concession sector (LAMCO)
Page 473 and 474: -415- 5 seater twin-engined Cessna
Page 475 and 476: -417- Besides, this segment of the
Page 477 and 478: -419- The telecommunication relay s
Page 479 and 480: -421- with Germany and hence affect
Page 481 and 482: -423- :: The 1960 - 1979 Period j F
Page 483 and 484: -425- with Sierra Leone is less tha
Page 485 and 486: -427- alarming (see Chapter 10), th
Page 487 and 488: -429- structural changes and the de
Page 489 and 490: -431- from roughly one third in 197
Page 491 and 492: -433- by Fouad Khalifa, a Lebanese,
Page 493 and 494: -435- The Government indebted itsel
Page 495 and 496: -437- a very large part of G.D.P. i
Page 497 and 498: -439- to the distribution of power,
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-441- heard. As early as 1830, but
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-U3- was wrongly thought in those d
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-445- 1962. In the 1950's the triba
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-447- Tubman Estate (66). Interesti
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-449- National Legislature, This de
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-451- The creation of state owned c
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-453- respect to foreign concession
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-455- II. The Government of Liberia
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-457- Most notable among these clau
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-459- ADDENDUM On April 12, 1980, a
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ISBN 3-88299-040-6 ISSN 0344-4317
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