Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia - Jurusan Antropologi ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SINGAPORE AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS 159 ––(1992) ‘Shopping for Women’s Fashion in Singapore’, in R.Shields (ed.), Lifestyle Shopping: The Subject of Consumption, London: Routledge, pp. 114—35. ––(1995) Communitarian Ideology and Democracy in Singapore, London: Routledge. Department of Statistics (1979) Report on the Household Expenditure Survey 1977/78, Singapore: Department of Statistics. ––(1984) Report on the Household Expenditure Survey 1982/83, Singapore: Department of Statistics. ––(1989) Report on the Household Expenditure Survey 1987/88, Singapore: Department of Statistics. ––(1992) 1990 Singapore Census of Population: Households and Housing, Singapore: Department of Statistics. ––(1994) 1990 Singapore Census of Population: Transport and Geographic Distribution, Singapore: Department of Statistics. Drysdale, J. (1985) Singapore: Struggle for Success, Singapore: Times Books International. Foo Sek Min (1995) The Paradox of Affluence: Undergraduate Academic Exercise, Singapore: National University of Singapore, Department of Sociology. Khong Cho-Onn (1995) ‘Singapore: Political Legitimacy through Managing Conformity’, in Muriah Alagappa (ed.), Political Legitimacy in Southeast Asia, Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 108—36. Kwok Kian Woon (1995) ‘Singapore: Consolidating the New Political Economy’, Southeast Asian Affairs 1995, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 291—308. Leong Choon Heng (1995) ‘The Construction of a Contented and Cautious Middle Class’, unpublished. Mak Lau Fong and Leong Choon Heng (1994) ‘The Singapore Middle Class’, unpublished East Asian Middle Class Research Report, Taiwan: Academia Sinica. Offe, C. (1984) Contradictions of the Welfare State, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Quah, Stella, Chiew Seen Kong, Ko Yiu Chung and Sharon Mengchee Lee (1991) Social Class in Singapore, Singapore: Times Academic Press. Rodan, G. (1989) The Political Economy of Singapore’s Industrialisation, London: Macmillan. Saunders, P. (1984) ‘Beyond Housing Class: The Sociological Significance of Private Property Rights in Means of Consumption’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, no. 8:202—25. Tremewan, C. (1994) The Political Economy of Social Control in Singapore, London: St Martin’s Press. Willis, P. (1977) Learning to Labour, Westmead: Gower Publishing. Wilson, E. (1990) ‘Fashion and Postmodernism’, in R.Boyne and A.Rattansi (eds), Postmodernism and Society, London: Macmillan, pp. 209—36.
6 The years of living luxuriously Identity politics of Indonesia’s new rich Ariel Heryanto Until recently, there were only two quick answers in Indonesia to the question of who constituted the rich. They were unequivocally Westerners and the Chinese. Occasionally one would include top government officials in the list, but at a tier lower than the previous two. Now there can be more diverse answers to the same question, with some hesitation and necessary qualifications. Before 1990 there were more or less fixed stereotypes of Westerners, the Chinese, and top government officials in Indonesian popular culture. Now their public images have undergone significant changes. What follows is an examination of those changes. Obviously economic factors feature in the multiple causes, and diverse directions of these changes. Some consideration of the economic dimension is imperative. However, the bulk of this discussion is more a cultural analysis of economic power, than an economic analysis of cultures. This chapter is therefore about cultural constructions of the rich, which may or may not come close to facts about the economically rich. Westerners and Chinese who personify the rich in Indonesian popular knowledge are cultural constructs. They are fictional. But like most fictional figures, they are neither totally misleading, nor fabricated from pure fantasy. 1 Like most fictional works, the popular cultural construction of Westerners and Chinese profiles in Indonesia conveys an important message; and so does the reconstruction of Indonesia’s new rich in the 1990s. The qualifier ‘new’ in the designation of the new rich refers primarily to the first half of the 1990s which is marked by significant prosperity and changes to social identities and relations. I will focus on lifestyle, including consumerism, as an important site for the contemporary work of culturally constructing, contesting and negotiating identities of the new rich. No social act such as human consumption takes place in a social vacuum. It always operates within specific historical settings and embodies historically specific constructions of time, space and social relations. It involves socially situated persons, relationships, passions, fears, desires and memories. No consumption takes place in a purely natural, biological, ahistorical universe. Eating a McDonald’s hamburger in Los Angeles never means the same as eating ‘the same thing’ at the same moment in one of its counter-outlets in
Page 2 and 3:
Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
Page 4 and 5:
Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Tables vii Notes on contri
Page 8 and 9:
Tables 5.1 Average proportion of ex
Page 10 and 11:
James Ockey is a Senior Lecturer in
Page 12 and 13:
developed through a series of statu
Page 14 and 15:
legitimate wealth. Anti-Chinese sen
Page 16 and 17:
and indigenous Filipino values. The
Page 18 and 19:
1 Cultural relations, class and the
Page 20 and 21:
CULTURAL RELATIONS AND THE NEW RICH
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
2 Consumption, social differentiati
Page 76 and 77:
KEN YOUNG 59 doubt on their commitm
Page 78 and 79:
sharp contrast to the culture of th
Page 80 and 81:
KEN YOUNG 63 Singapore, which might
Page 82 and 83:
KEN YOUNG 65 Government responses,
Page 84 and 85:
KEN YOUNG 67 of the Malay and India
Page 86 and 87:
KEN YOUNG 69 survey in The Nation 1
Page 88 and 89:
KEN YOUNG 71 happening in these pla
Page 90 and 91:
KEN YOUNG 73 in the context of soci
Page 92 and 93:
KEN YOUNG 75 neighbourhood and work
Page 94 and 95:
KEN YOUNG 77 upmarket development o
Page 96 and 97:
environment of greater wealth and u
Page 98 and 99:
upmarket boutiques in Singapore are
Page 100 and 101:
KEN YOUNG 83 --(1996b) ‘All the R
Page 102 and 103:
KEN YOUNG 85 Mahathir bin Mohamad (
Page 104 and 105:
3 From Orang Kaya Baru to Melayu Ba
Page 106 and 107:
A.B.SHAMSUL 89 THE MALAY NEW RIGH:
Page 108 and 109:
A.B.SHAMSUL 91 It could be said tha
Page 110 and 111:
A.B.SHAMSUL 93 to the second ‘the
Page 112 and 113:
A.B.SHAMSUL 95 people as Abdullah M
Page 114 and 115:
A.B.SHAMSUL 97 marginalised by colo
Page 116 and 117:
A.B.SHAMSUL 99 leap’, to become r
Page 118 and 119:
A.B.SHAMSUL 101 capitalistic/econom
Page 120 and 121:
A.B.SHAMSUL 103 Most of them have b
Page 122 and 123:
A.B.SHAMSUL 105 When the Malay nati
Page 124 and 125:
Education Act in 1996, allowing for
Page 126 and 127: A.B.SHAMSUL 109 Kua Kia Soong (1981
Page 128 and 129: A.B.SHAMSUL 111 Stivens, Maila (199
Page 130 and 131: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 113 Mal
Page 132 and 133: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 115 aff
Page 134 and 135: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 117 to
Page 136 and 137: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 119 cou
Page 138 and 139: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 121 emp
Page 140 and 141: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 123 to
Page 142 and 143: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 125 Rid
Page 144 and 145: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 127 sid
Page 146 and 147: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 129 man
Page 148 and 149: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 131 fin
Page 150 and 151: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 133 clu
Page 152 and 153: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 135 cir
Page 154 and 155: A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 137 Kes
Page 156 and 157: SINGAPORE AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
Page 164 and 165: Table 5.5 Distribution of resident
Page 178 and 179: IDENTITY POLITICS OF INDONESIA’S
Page 206 and 207: 7 The new rich and cultural tension
Page 208 and 209: HANS ANTLÖV 191 growing population
Page 210 and 211: HANS ANTLÖV 193 state-based offici
Page 212 and 213: HANS ANTLÖV 195 wonder how he can
Page 214 and 215: HANS ANTLÖV 197 Chinese-run fashio
Page 216 and 217: HANS ANTLÖV 199 order for Indonesi
Page 218 and 219: HANS ANTLÖV 201 regulating’ (Sul
Page 220 and 221: HANS ANTLÖV 203 cosmopolitan Bandu
Page 222 and 223: HANS ANTLÖV 205 community in which
Page 224 and 225: modernity without at the same time
Page 226 and 227:
8 How a revolution becomes a dinner
Page 228 and 229:
CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 211 activity. A
Page 230 and 231:
Table 8.1 Occupational class classi
Page 232 and 233:
CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 215 Table 8.2 A
Page 234 and 235:
Table 8.3 Inflow and outflow table
Page 236 and 237:
CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 219 entrepreneu
Page 238 and 239:
Table 8.4 Distribution of friendshi
Page 240 and 241:
CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 223 individuals
Page 242 and 243:
CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 225 REPUTATION,
Page 244 and 245:
CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 227 I’m happy
Page 246 and 247:
the ‘new rich’ in Beijing is an
Page 248 and 249:
9 Creating the Thai middle class Ji
Page 250 and 251:
JIM OCKEY 233 made up, then, largel
Page 252 and 253:
JIM OCKEY 235 justified…[This str
Page 254 and 255:
Table 9.2 Occupations ranked by sta
Page 256 and 257:
JIM OCKEY 239 Other scholarship, wh
Page 258 and 259:
JIM OCKEY 241 Political Science at
Page 260 and 261:
growth (Bangkok Post, 3 January 199
Page 262 and 263:
JIM OCKEY 245 tentatively question
Page 264 and 265:
democracy by associating it with a
Page 266 and 267:
cent of the demonstrators made less
Page 268 and 269:
JIM OCKEY 251 Teeranat Karnjana-uks
Page 270 and 271:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 253 is
Page 272 and 273:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 255 19
Page 274 and 275:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 257 By
Page 276 and 277:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 259 Th
Page 278 and 279:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 261 no
Page 280 and 281:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 263 In
Page 282 and 283:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 265 Th
Page 284 and 285:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 267 re
Page 286 and 287:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 269 th
Page 288 and 289:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 271 te
Page 290 and 291:
16 Refer to Greenough for an intere
Page 292 and 293:
INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 275 Hi
Page 294 and 295:
11 Entrepreneurship, consumption, e
Page 296 and 297:
THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Chai-anan Samudavanija 233 Chakrava
Page 324 and 325:
Harry, F. 170 Hart, G. 195 Hartono,
Page 326 and 327:
McDonald’s 169, 262 Mackie, J.A.C
Page 328 and 329:
Rudner, M. 90 Rudolph, L.I. and Rud
Page 330:
wages: seniority principle in 116,
show all

Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia - Jurusan Antropologi ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?