Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia - Jurusan Antropologi ...

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modernity without at the same time causing social instability. We should thus watch carefully the relationships between the new rich and ordinary people. POSTSCRIPT Laying the last hand on this chapter, in February 1998, Indonesia is experiencing the worst economic and political crisis in thirty years. I believe that part of this crisis can be understood as a consequence of the tensions described in this chapter. During recent years, Indonesia has seen an increasingly large gap between statebacked capitalists and those without privileged access to state resources. More recently this has created a lack of confidence that the present system is sustainable, which in turn has led to a political crisis. The scale might be very different from that in Sariendah, but I would argue that some of the mechanisms are the same. Just as in Sariendah, there is a need for social adjustments to be made between state actors and the great majority of the Indonesian population. The cultural tensions discussed for rural Indonesia in this chapter will become increasingly visible arenas of struggle as new political structures are introduced. Notes 1 For more details on this argument, see Tønnesson and Antlöv (1996). For empirical material, see Tønnesson and Antlöv (forthcoming). 2 For a similar argument for the British middle class, see Savage et al. (1992). 3 For more on Pancasila see Antlöv (1995:37—8). 4 See Heryanto (1988). 5 Quoted from President Suharto’s 1988 Independence Day speech. Bibliography HANS ANTLÖV 207 Antlöv, Hans (1995) Exemplary Centre, Administrative Periphery: Leadership and the New Order in Rural Java, London: Curzon Press. Bourdieu, Pierre (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Edmundson, Wade C. (1994) ‘Do the Rich Get Richer, Do the Poor Get Poorer? East Java, Two Decades, Three Villages, 46 People’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 30 (2), August: 133—48. Featherstone, Mike (1991) Consumer Culture and Postmodernism, London: Sage Publications. Frederick, William H. (1989) Visions and Heat: The Making of the Indonesian Revolution, Athens: Ohio University Press. Hannertz, Ulf (1990) ‘Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture’, in Mike Featherstone (ed.), Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity, London: Sage Publications.
208 CULTURAL TENSIONS IN RURAL INDONESIA Hart, Gillian (1989) ‘Agrarian Change in the Context of State Patronage’, in G.Hart, A. Turton and B. White (eds), Agrarian Transformations: Local Processes and the State in Southeast Asia, Berkeley: University of California Press. Hefner, Robert (1990) The Political Economy of Mountain Java: An Interpretative History, Berkeley: University of California Press. Heryanto, Ariel (1988) ‘The Development of “Development”’, Indonesia, no. 46 (October): 1— 24. Hüsken, Frans (1989) ‘Cycles of Commercialization and Accumulation in a Central Javanese Village’, in G.Hart, A.Turton and B.White (eds), Agrarian Transformations: Local Processes and the State in Southeast Asia, Berkeley: University of California Press. Lamont, Michele (1992) Money, Morals, and Manners: The Culture of the French and American Upper-Middle Class, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Murai, Y (1994) ‘The Authoritarian Bureaucratic Politics of Development: Indonesia under Suharto’s New Order’, in T.Shiraishi (ed.), Approaching Suharto’s Indonesia from the Margins, Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. Pemberton, John (1994) On the Subject of ‘Java’, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Raillon, François (1994) ‘Can the Javanese Do Business? The Awakening of Indigenous Capitalists in Indonesia’, in Hans Antlöv and Sven Cederroth (eds), Leadership in Java: Gentle Hints, Authoritarian Rule, London: Curzon Press. Savage, Mike, James Barlow, Peter Dickens and Tony Fielding (1992) Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle-Class Formation in Contemporary Britain, London and New York: Routledge. Schweitzer, Thomas (1989) ‘Economic Individualism and the Community Spirit: Divergent Orientation Patterns of Javanese Villagers in Rice Production and the Ritual Sphere’, Modern Asian Studies, 23(2):277—312. Scott, James C. (1985) Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, New Haven: Yale University Press. Sullivan, John (1992) Local Government and Community in Java: An Urban Case Study, Singapore: Oxford University Press. Tjondronegoro, S.M.P. (1984) Social Organization and Planned Development in Rural Java, Singapore, Oxford University Press. Tønnesson, Stein and Antlöv, Hans (1996) ‘Asia in Theories of Nationalism and National Identity’, in Stein Tønnesson and Hans Antlöv (eds), Asian Forms of the Nation, London: Curzon Press. ––and––(forthcoming) Mosaic of Nations: Indonesia, Vietnam and Malaya, 1945—1950, London: Curzon Press. Van Niel, Robert (1960) The Emergence of the Modern Indonesian Elite, The Hague: W.van Hoeve (reprinted in Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984). Wertheim, W. (1969) ‘From Aliran towards Class Struggle in the Countryside of Java’, Pacific Viewpoint, 10(2):1—17.
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Contents Tables vii Notes on contri
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Tables 5.1 Average proportion of ex
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James Ockey is a Senior Lecturer in
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developed through a series of statu
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legitimate wealth. Anti-Chinese sen
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and indigenous Filipino values. The
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1 Cultural relations, class and the
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CULTURAL RELATIONS AND THE NEW RICH
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2 Consumption, social differentiati
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KEN YOUNG 59 doubt on their commitm
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sharp contrast to the culture of th
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KEN YOUNG 63 Singapore, which might
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KEN YOUNG 65 Government responses,
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KEN YOUNG 67 of the Malay and India
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KEN YOUNG 69 survey in The Nation 1
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KEN YOUNG 71 happening in these pla
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KEN YOUNG 73 in the context of soci
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KEN YOUNG 75 neighbourhood and work
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KEN YOUNG 77 upmarket development o
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environment of greater wealth and u
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upmarket boutiques in Singapore are
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KEN YOUNG 83 --(1996b) ‘All the R
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KEN YOUNG 85 Mahathir bin Mohamad (
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3 From Orang Kaya Baru to Melayu Ba
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A.B.SHAMSUL 89 THE MALAY NEW RIGH:
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A.B.SHAMSUL 91 It could be said tha
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A.B.SHAMSUL 93 to the second ‘the
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A.B.SHAMSUL 95 people as Abdullah M
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A.B.SHAMSUL 97 marginalised by colo
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A.B.SHAMSUL 99 leap’, to become r
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A.B.SHAMSUL 101 capitalistic/econom
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A.B.SHAMSUL 103 Most of them have b
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A.B.SHAMSUL 105 When the Malay nati
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Education Act in 1996, allowing for
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A.B.SHAMSUL 109 Kua Kia Soong (1981
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A.B.SHAMSUL 111 Stivens, Maila (199
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 113 Mal
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 115 aff
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 117 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 119 cou
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 121 emp
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 123 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 125 Rid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 127 sid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 129 man
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 131 fin
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 133 clu
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 135 cir
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 137 Kes
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SINGAPORE AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
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Table 5.5 Distribution of resident
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Page 174 and 175: SINGAPORE AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
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Page 178 and 179: IDENTITY POLITICS OF INDONESIA’S
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Page 208 and 209: HANS ANTLÖV 191 growing population
Page 210 and 211: HANS ANTLÖV 193 state-based offici
Page 212 and 213: HANS ANTLÖV 195 wonder how he can
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Page 220 and 221: HANS ANTLÖV 203 cosmopolitan Bandu
Page 222 and 223: HANS ANTLÖV 205 community in which
Page 226 and 227: 8 How a revolution becomes a dinner
Page 228 and 229: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 211 activity. A
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Page 232 and 233: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 215 Table 8.2 A
Page 234 and 235: Table 8.3 Inflow and outflow table
Page 236 and 237: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 219 entrepreneu
Page 238 and 239: Table 8.4 Distribution of friendshi
Page 240 and 241: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 223 individuals
Page 242 and 243: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 225 REPUTATION,
Page 244 and 245: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 227 I’m happy
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Page 250 and 251: JIM OCKEY 233 made up, then, largel
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Page 254 and 255: Table 9.2 Occupations ranked by sta
Page 256 and 257: JIM OCKEY 239 Other scholarship, wh
Page 258 and 259: JIM OCKEY 241 Political Science at
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Page 262 and 263: JIM OCKEY 245 tentatively question
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Page 268 and 269: JIM OCKEY 251 Teeranat Karnjana-uks
Page 270 and 271: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 253 is
Page 272 and 273: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 255 19
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 257 By
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 259 Th
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 261 no
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 263 In
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 265 Th
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 267 re
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 269 th
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 271 te
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16 Refer to Greenough for an intere
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INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 275 Hi
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11 Entrepreneurship, consumption, e
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THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
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Chai-anan Samudavanija 233 Chakrava
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Harry, F. 170 Hart, G. 195 Hartono,
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McDonald’s 169, 262 Mackie, J.A.C
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Rudner, M. 90 Rudolph, L.I. and Rud
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wages: seniority principle in 116,
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