Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia - Jurusan Antropologi ...

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cent of the demonstrators made less than 10,000 baht. Nor does there seem to be any logical reason to select a cut-off point of 10,000 baht for the middle class. 15 Note the elements of the new rich that are excluded here: sales workers, taxi drivers, prostitutes, those without an education. 16 Leadership was provided by political parties and NGO leaders. Kanjana (1993) conflates the NGOs and the middle class: ‘A handful of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)…were leading and organizing the fight for democracy. The May NGO-university lecturers, doctors, lawyers and company workers. Those were the people who represented the so-called “middle-class” of the Thai society’ Bibliography JIM OCKEY 249 Akin Rabhibhadana (1969) The Organization of Thai Society in the Early Bangkok Period, 1782—1873, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. Anderson, Benedict O’G. (1977) ‘Withdrawal Symptoms: Social and Cultural Aspects of the October 6 Coup’, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 9, July-September: 13—30. Anderson, Perry (1980) Arguments within English Marxism, London: New Left Books. Anek Laothamathas (1993) Mob Mu Thu (The Mobile Telephone Mob), Bangkok: Matichon. Batson, Benjamin (1974) Siam’s Political Future: Documents from the End of the Absolute Monarchy, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. Blanchard, Wendell (1957) Thailand: Its People, its Society, its Culture, New Haven: HRAF Press. Burris, V (1986) ‘The Discovery of the New Middle Class’, Theory and Society, 15:317—49. Chai-anan Samudavanija (1991) ‘State-Identity Creation, State-Building and Civil Society’, in Craig J.Reynolds, National Identity and its Defenders, Clayton, Vic.: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University. Chanwit Kasetsiri (1992) Kanpatiwat khong Sayam (The Revolution of Siam), Bangkok: Praphansan. ‘Chiwit khwampenyu lae laifasatai khon chan klang nai Krungthep’ (Livelihood and Lifestyle of the Middle Class in Bangkok) (1986) Khukhaeng, 7 October: 119—32; 7, November: 72—6. Ellin, Nan (1991) ‘Constructing the Middle Class’, History of European Ideas, 13(6): 817—24. Flood, Thadeus (1975) ‘The Thai Left Wing in Historical Context’, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 7(2):55—67. Frykman, Jonas and Lofgren, Orvar (1987) Culture Builders: A Historical Anthropology of Middle-Class Life, trans. Alan Crozier, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University. Giddens, Anthony (1980) The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies, London: Hutchinson. Heinze, Ruth-Inge (1974) ‘Ten Days in October–Students vs. the Military’, Asian Survey, 14 June: 491—508. International Advertising Expenditures (1963), New York: International Advertising Association. Jiraporn Witayasakpan (1992) ‘Nationalism and the Transformation of Aesthetic Concepts: Theatre in Thailand during the Phibun Period’, Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University. Kanjana Spindler (1993) ‘May 1992: When the Tide Finally Turned’, Bangkok Post, 19 May.
250 CREATING THE THAI MIDDLE CLASS Kasian Tejaphira (1994) Jintanakam chat thi mai pen chumchon: khon chan klang luk jin kap chat niyom doi rat khong Thai (Imagined Uncommunity: Lookjin Middle Class and Thai Official Nationalism), Bangkok: Phujatkan. Keyes, Charles (1989) Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation-State, Bangkok: Duang Kamol. Khamhaeng Pharitanon (1994) 14 Tula: ratthathamanun si luad (14 October: Blood Red Constitution), Bangkok: Bangluang. ‘Laifsatai’ (Lifestyle) (1987) Khlang samong, 5 July: 48—52. Likhit Dhiravegin (1985) ‘Social Change and Contemporary Thai Politics: An Analysis of the Inter-Relationship between the Society and the Polity’, in Likhit Dhiravegin, Thai Politics: Selected Aspects of Development and Change, Bangkok: Tri-Sciences Publishing House. Likhit Thirawegin [Dhiravegin] (1992) ‘Kanchuangching amnat rawang thahan kap chon chan klang’ (Contesting Power between Soldiers and the Middle Class), Decade, no. 2, May: 61—6. Lipset, Seymour M. (1959) ‘Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy’, American Political Science Review, 53, March: 69—105. Mills, C. Wright (1956) White Collar: The American Middle Classes, New York: Oxford University Press. Nakharin Mektrairat (1992) Kanpatiwat Sayam pho. so. 2475 (The Siamese Revolution of 1932), Bangkok: Munnithi khrongkan tamra sangkhomsat lae manutsayasat. Nithi Aewsriwong (1993), ‘The Cultural Dimensions of the Thai Middle Class’, in Sungsidh and Pasuk (1993b:49—66). Population and Housing Census 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 (n.d.), Bangkok: National Statistical Office, Office of the Prime Minister. Race, Jeffrey (1974) ‘Thailand 1973: We Certainly Have Been Ravaged by Something’, Asian Survey, no. 14, February: 192—203. Reynolds, Craig and Hong, Lysa (1983) ‘Marxism in Thai Historical Studies’, Journal of Asian Studies, no. 43, November: 77—104. Riggs, F. (1966) Thailand: The Modernisation of a Bureaucratic Polity, Honolulu: East-West Center Press. Siffin, William (1966) The Thai Bureaucracy: Institutional Change and Development, Honolulu: East-West Center Press. Skinner, G.William (1957a) Chinese Society in Thailand: An Analytical History, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. ––(1957b) Leadership and Power in the Chinese Community of Thailand, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Sungsidh Piriyarangsan (1993), ‘The Workers, the Urban Poor and May 1992), in Sungsidh and Pasuk (1993b: 321—41). ––and Pasuk Phongpaichit (1993a), ‘Introduction: The Middle Class and Democracy in Thailand’, in Sungsidh and Pasuk (1993b: 26—39). ––and––(eds) (1993b) Chon chan klang bon krasae prachathipatai Thai (The Middle Class on the Path of Thai Democracy), Bangkok: The Political Economy Center, Chulalongkorn University and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Suphawong Janthawanit (1991) Kanjat chuang chan thang sangkhom: Kiattiphum khong achip tang tang nai sangkhom Thai (Organising Social Structure: Status of Various Occupations in Thai Society), Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Contents Tables vii Notes on contri
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Tables 5.1 Average proportion of ex
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James Ockey is a Senior Lecturer in
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developed through a series of statu
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legitimate wealth. Anti-Chinese sen
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and indigenous Filipino values. The
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1 Cultural relations, class and the
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CULTURAL RELATIONS AND THE NEW RICH
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2 Consumption, social differentiati
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KEN YOUNG 59 doubt on their commitm
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sharp contrast to the culture of th
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KEN YOUNG 63 Singapore, which might
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KEN YOUNG 65 Government responses,
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KEN YOUNG 67 of the Malay and India
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KEN YOUNG 69 survey in The Nation 1
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KEN YOUNG 71 happening in these pla
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KEN YOUNG 73 in the context of soci
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KEN YOUNG 75 neighbourhood and work
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KEN YOUNG 77 upmarket development o
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environment of greater wealth and u
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upmarket boutiques in Singapore are
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KEN YOUNG 83 --(1996b) ‘All the R
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KEN YOUNG 85 Mahathir bin Mohamad (
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3 From Orang Kaya Baru to Melayu Ba
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A.B.SHAMSUL 89 THE MALAY NEW RIGH:
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A.B.SHAMSUL 91 It could be said tha
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A.B.SHAMSUL 93 to the second ‘the
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A.B.SHAMSUL 95 people as Abdullah M
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A.B.SHAMSUL 97 marginalised by colo
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A.B.SHAMSUL 99 leap’, to become r
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A.B.SHAMSUL 101 capitalistic/econom
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A.B.SHAMSUL 103 Most of them have b
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A.B.SHAMSUL 105 When the Malay nati
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Education Act in 1996, allowing for
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A.B.SHAMSUL 109 Kua Kia Soong (1981
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A.B.SHAMSUL 111 Stivens, Maila (199
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 113 Mal
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 115 aff
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 117 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 119 cou
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 121 emp
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 123 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 125 Rid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 127 sid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 129 man
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 131 fin
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 133 clu
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 135 cir
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 137 Kes
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SINGAPORE AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
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Table 5.5 Distribution of resident
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IDENTITY POLITICS OF INDONESIA’S
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7 The new rich and cultural tension
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HANS ANTLÖV 191 growing population
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HANS ANTLÖV 193 state-based offici
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HANS ANTLÖV 195 wonder how he can
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HANS ANTLÖV 197 Chinese-run fashio
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Page 224 and 225: modernity without at the same time
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Page 228 and 229: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 211 activity. A
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Page 234 and 235: Table 8.3 Inflow and outflow table
Page 236 and 237: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 219 entrepreneu
Page 238 and 239: Table 8.4 Distribution of friendshi
Page 240 and 241: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 223 individuals
Page 242 and 243: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 225 REPUTATION,
Page 244 and 245: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 227 I’m happy
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Page 248 and 249: 9 Creating the Thai middle class Ji
Page 250 and 251: JIM OCKEY 233 made up, then, largel
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Page 254 and 255: Table 9.2 Occupations ranked by sta
Page 256 and 257: JIM OCKEY 239 Other scholarship, wh
Page 258 and 259: JIM OCKEY 241 Political Science at
Page 260 and 261: growth (Bangkok Post, 3 January 199
Page 262 and 263: JIM OCKEY 245 tentatively question
Page 264 and 265: democracy by associating it with a
Page 268 and 269: JIM OCKEY 251 Teeranat Karnjana-uks
Page 270 and 271: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 253 is
Page 272 and 273: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 255 19
Page 274 and 275: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 257 By
Page 276 and 277: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 259 Th
Page 278 and 279: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 261 no
Page 280 and 281: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 263 In
Page 282 and 283: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 265 Th
Page 284 and 285: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 267 re
Page 286 and 287: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 269 th
Page 288 and 289: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 271 te
Page 290 and 291: 16 Refer to Greenough for an intere
Page 292 and 293: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 275 Hi
Page 294 and 295: 11 Entrepreneurship, consumption, e
Page 296 and 297: THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
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THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
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Chai-anan Samudavanija 233 Chakrava
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Harry, F. 170 Hart, G. 195 Hartono,
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McDonald’s 169, 262 Mackie, J.A.C
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Rudner, M. 90 Rudolph, L.I. and Rud
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wages: seniority principle in 116,
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